摘要: ABSTRACTThe Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) population has declined by over 60% across its range since 1966. Knowledge of breeding habitat use is crucial to the conservation of songbird species but is missing for significant portions of the breeding range of the Canada Warbler's genetically distinct eastern population. We used a large‐scale deployment of autonomous recording units (ARUs) to record Canada Warbler song across north‐central and southwestern Pennsylvania. We deployed ARUs at 664 locations in forested ecosystems, setting them to record for 2 h each morning from mid‐May to mid‐June. We used classifier‐assisted listening to detect Canada Warbler song and generate detection histories. Our occupancy models revealed six significant habitat associations. We highlight forest conditions that can be targeted for the conservation of steeply declining eastern Canada Warbler populations. Our study is an example of the gains in statistical power allowed by ARUs and machine learning methods.

摘要: AbstractThis paper initially describes the evolution of body shape in the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). I explain how their similarities are the result of convergent evolution, the process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble one another in form, function, or both. This is the first examination of this phenomenon in these two species. In addition, I consider how their convergent traits and habits as omnivores have contributed to their astounding success as invasive species in Europe. Problems have arisen from these introductions, including impacts on prey species. Considering their broad adaptability as “stout” shaped mesocarnivores should aid in understanding their behavior and ecology, and could assist in addressing their management in Europe. Last, I offer suggestions for the control of raccoons given their compensatory versus additive mortality patterns, a practice that may also have implications for the regulation of raccoon dog populations.

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