摘要: Lipid droplets(LDs) serve as dynamic organelles central to host immune response and bacterial infection resistance by recruiting multiple proteins and peptides with established antiviral and antibacterial properties. Although macrophage polarization is integral to both innate immunity and lipid homeostasis, the regulatory influence of LDs on this process remains unclear. In this study, augmentation of LDs via oleic acid(OA) treatment attenuated M1polarization in RAW264.7 macrophages. Given that LD budding is mediated by fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2(FIT2) encoded by FITM2,transcriptomic analysis following FITM2 knockdown revealed suppressed expression of fatty acid-binding protein 5(FABP5), a lipid-binding protein that further modulated LD abundance. Both FIT2 and FABP5 were found to regulate LD content and collectively contributed to inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization. This shift impaired macrophage capacity to mount effective antibacterial responses. These findings identify a coordinated role for LDs and FABP5 in modulating M1 macrophage polarization, establishing a mechanistic link between lipid metabolism and innate host defense against bacterial infection.

摘要: Oxidative stress arises from disruption of the balance between reactive oxygen species(ROS) production and detoxification and constitutes a fundamental driver of diverse pathological diseases. Skin photoaging is a wellrecognized example, primarily driven by chronic ultraviolet(UV) exposure and marked by progressive structural and functional deterioration. UV-induced ROS accelerate macromolecular degradation and impair epidermal and dermal barrier integrity, highlighting the urgent need for effective antioxidant interventions. Antioxidant peptides(AOPs), whether naturally occurring or synthetically engineered, have shown considerable potential in mitigating ROS-induced cellular damage. Amphibians,which possess highly permeable skin and are continuously challenged by fluctuating environmental conditions,represent a rich source of bioactive peptides with potent antioxidant properties. In particular, AOPs isolated from amphibian skin secretions demonstrate notable efficacy in ROS scavenging and mitigation of oxidative damage,offering promising candidates for anti-photoaging therapies. This review provides an integrated overview of ROS generation and signaling, the molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress to skin photoaging, and the emerging biomedical potential of amphibian-derived AOPs.Deeper mechanistic insight into their structure and function is expected to accelerate the development of novel peptide-based interventions for photoaging and other oxidative stress-associated dermatological disorders.

摘要: Trophic interactions, the fundamental links in food webs, are an important modulator of biodiversity structuring and ecosystem functioning. However, interactions between scorpions and insects remain poorly understood despite their high biomass and diversity in natural ecosystems and more than 410 million years of evolutionary history. Here we summarize three trophic interaction types from 95 scorpion-insect species pairs in which both scorpions and insects were identified at least to the genus level. Predator-prey relationships were the most documented trophic interactions between scorpions and insects, involving 45 scorpion species from 9 families and 79 insect species from 11 orders. Prey-predator interactions were recorded between 11 species pairs of insects from four orders and scorpions from five families. Parasitiodism was documented between four dipterans(3 families) and five scorpions(3 families). The mega-diversity of insects and the high biomass of scorpion species in natural ecosystems imply that their complex trophic interactions await to be characterized.

摘要: A new tintinnid ciliate, Salpingella subarctica Zhang, Li & Li, sp. nov. was discovered in waters from the subarctic north Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean during six research cruises conducted between July and September over the past decade. Distinct lorica characteristics justify the establishment of this new species, distinguishing it from previously known species: an average lorica opening diameter(12.6 μm), an average posterior lorica opening diameter(3.6 μm), a smaller lorica length(41.8–69.5 μm), a prominent posterior opening, and 8–10 longitudinal fins extending parallelly from the opening to the posterior end. It occurred in water with temperature of-1.6–20.5°C and salinity of 25.3–34.4, and preferred to salinity of 32, temperature of 11°C in open ocean in Pacific Ocean, and 0°C in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea.

摘要: The Mediterranean invasive species Calanipeda aquaedulcis Kritschagin, 1873 was discovered for the first time in Svyatoe Lake in the Nizhny Novgorod Region(Russia). This species had not previously been found north of the Kama River estuary near Kazan city(Middle Volga). For comparison, the population from the Tsimlyansk Reservoir(Don River, southern Russia) was also analyzed. Both populations were studied using morphology and genetics(12Sr RNA, CO1, n ITS and 18Sr RNA genes), which showed no differences between them. A morphological description of a male and female invader from Svyatoe Lake with illustrations is provided. Comparison of the invader population by the CO1 gene with material from the Bilbao estuary, Spain(Gen Bank) showed a difference between these populations of 8.2% nucleotide substitutions, which excludes the Spanish population as a donor for introduction into Russia. Possible sources of invasion and prospects for the dispersal of the invader are discussed.

摘要: Hyleoglomeris xini sp. nov. is described from Hubei, China, as new to science. It is different from other species of the genus by its ommatidia, more elongated T?m?sváry's organ and different posterior telopod. A checklist of the genus Hyleoglomeris in China of total 37 species is provided, including their locations and microhabitats.

摘要: A new species of free-living marine nematode, collected from subtidal sediments in the Yellow Sea, China, is described herein as M. sinica sp. nov. The species is characterized by a slender body of 2450–3670 μm long; three small teeth nearly equal in size; short spicules almost straight, cephalated proximally and conical distally; a small gubernaculum without apophysis; the absence of precloacal supplements and setae; and the presence of three small precloacal pores. Morphological characteristics of males of all Meyeria species are provided.

摘要: Chinese bees of the subgenus Anthophora(Anthomegilla) Marikovskaya, 1976 are reviewed. Eleven species are confirmed to occur in China, two of which are described and illustrated as new species: A.(Anthomegilla) nailungensis Niu, sp. nov. and A.(A.) gyiruensis Niu, sp. nov. The female of A.(A.) beijingensis(Wu, 1986) and the male of A.(A.) flavonigra(Wu, 1988) are described for the first time. Diagnoses, updated synonymies, materials examined, global distributional data and floral associations of each species are provided along with illustrations and a key to known species in China.

摘要: The study describes a new species, Syndiamesa fanduangularis Fu, sp. nov., representing the first record of the genus Syndiamesa from the Oriental Region. A detailed description of the new species is provided, including morphological data and illustrations. Molecular data(COI gene) were obtained and deposited in NCBI GenBank, providing a DNA barcode for species identification. The study also provides an updated key to adult males of the genus Syndiamesa globally.

摘要: The subfamily Oxyporinae is easily distinguished from the other subfamilies of the family Staphylinidae by its large,colourful body,elongate mandibles and large crescent-shaped terminal labial palpi.It was once comprised only one genus,Oxyporus Fabricius,1775,then a new genus was separated from the nominated genus (Nakane&Sawade,1956),namely Pseudoxyporus.Although the taxonomic validity of Pseudoxyporus was controversial and was treated as a subgenus of Oxyporus (Campbell,1969;Hanley&Goodrich,1995;Herman,2001;Zheng&Song,2010;Tokareva et al.,2021),rencent catalogues and online checklist usually treated it as a valid genus (Shibata,1997;Ito,1999;Schülke&Smetana,2015;Kim et al.,2016;Newton,2022).Based on the structural differences in parameres of aedeagus,and the more cylindrical antennomeres,here we followed the 2-genera-system.