摘要: Anthropogenic climate change is altering species distributions globally.While species distributions are expected to shift to higher latitudes and elevations under global warming,empirical evidence on distribution shifts is mixed,and factors mediating the direction and magnitude of range shifts remain unclear.Using a dataset of 132new provincial records for 96 resident bird species from 2000 to 2023,we measured geographic distance,latitudinal shift,and temperature shift from each new record to the historical range for each species to test for poleward shifts.We assessed taxonomic variation in the magnitude of range shifts and used phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models to quantify relationships between species traits and the extent of range shifts.Our results revealed that new records occurred at a mean geographic distance of 420 km from historical ranges,with mean latitudinal shifts of +1.68°(poleward) and temperature shifts of-1.33℃(toward colder climates).The magnitude of geographic range shifts was strongly constrained by phylogenetic relatedness.Habitat breadth,habitat openness,and centroid latitude of historical ranges emerged as significant predictors of range shifts.Our results suggest that resident bird species' geographic ranges in China are shifting poleward,but the magnitude of these shifts is non-random across lineages.Species with broader habitat preferences and those from warmer climates are more likely to shift farther from their historical ranges and toward higher latitudes.This study emphasizes taxonomic variation in species range shifts and highlights the need for species-and site-specific conservation strategies under global warming.

摘要: As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes,yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape level remain understudied,impeding conservation practice.Here,using survey data collected across 14 inland lakes in Jiangsu Province in 2022,we calculated wintering waterbirds diversity(taxonomic,functional,phylogenetic)and assembly patterns(MPD/MNTD of functional and phylogenetic).Then,we interpreted satellite imagery of lake areas and buffer zones(5 km),and partitioned them into three land-use and landscape index categories(anthropogenic,ecological,and lake landscape).Finally,we employed multiple linear regression and hierarchical partitioning to explain the influence of landscape scales on wintering waterbird communities.Our results showed that the diversity and assembly of regional wintering waterbird communities tended to be consistent across taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic dimensions.The standardized diversity indices indicated that functional assembly of communities tends to be clustered at both local and regional scale.In contrast,the phylogenetic structure showed a predominantly overdispersed pattern in most lakes at the local scale,while neutral processes dominated at the regional scale.Modeling showed that selected variables explained waterbird diversity and assembly well.Lake fragmentation increased species evenness but reduced other diversity indices,while landscape evenness was negatively associated with functional and phylogenetic assembly.Among anthropogenic factors,aquaculture ponds and impervious surfaces reduced all diversity dimensions,whereas cropland connectivity enhanced phylogenetic diversity.These factors had consistent effects on community assembly.For ecological variables,grassland area enhanced functional and phylogenetic diversity but led to more clustered functional assembly.Overall,maintaining the integrity and connectivity of lakes and their surrounding landscapes is essential for sustaining waterbird diversity and guiding wetland restoration.

摘要: Understanding migratory waterfowl spatiotemporal distributions is important because,in addition to their economic and cultural value,wild waterfowl can be infectious reservoirs of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(HPAIV).Waterfowl migration has been implicated in regional and intercontinental HPAIV dispersal,and predictive capabilities of where and when HPAIV may be introduced to susceptible spillover hosts would facilitate biosecurity and mitigation efforts.To develop forecasts for HPAIV dispersal,an improved understanding of how individual birds interact with their environment and move on a landscape scale is required.Using an agent-based modeling approach,we integrated individual-scale energetics,species-specific morphology and behavior,and landscape-scale weather and habitat data in a mechanistic stochastic framework to simulate Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos) and Northern Pintail(Anas acuta) annual migration across the Northern Hemisphere.Our model recreated biologically realistic migratory patterns using a first principles approach to waterfowl ecology,behavior,and physiology.Conducting a limited structural sensitivity analysis comparing reduced models to eBird Status and Trends in reference to the full model,we identified density dependence as the main factor influencing spring migration and breeding distributions,and wind as the main factor influencing fall migration and overwintering distributions.We show evidence of weather patterns in Northeast Asia causing significant intercontinental pintail migration to North America.By linking individual energetics to landscapescale processes,we identify key drivers of waterfowl migration while developing a predictive model responsive to daily weather patterns.This model paves the way for future waterfowl migration research predicting HPAIV transmission,climate change impacts,and oil spill effects.

摘要: 1.Need for coordinated flyways conservation Flyways are migratory routes that encompass breeding,stopover,and non-breeding habitats essential for the annual life cycles of migratory birds(Bamford et al.,2008;Newton,2023).These routes are critical for maintaining global biodiversity by supporting seasonal movements across continents(Hua et al.,2015;Runge et al.,2015).Effective conservation of flyways,such as the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF)and Central Asian Flyway(CAF),requires international cooperation to protect key stopover sites(Yong et al., 2015;Kumar 2019;Schmaljohann et al., 2022).

摘要: Poyang Lake,China' s largest freshwater lake,is a critical wintering ground for most of the global Siberian Grane(Grus leucogeranus) population.However,increasingly prolonged dry seasons have degraded the natural wetlands of Poyang Lake,forcing Siberian Cranes to shift to artificial habitats.From 2015 to 2023,field surveys revealed a substantial increase in the number of Siberian Cranes in artificial habitats,with peak counts reaching 3000individuals,accounting for up to 53% of the species' global population.Satellite telemetry of 13 individuals further confirmed the spatial use of these habitats,highlighting their consistent reliance on artificial sites over multiple years.Seven high-use hotspots were identified outside of Poyang Lake,including two artificial provisioning sites that supported dense foraging flocks for extended periods.Satellite telemetry confirmed this trend,with artificial habitats making up to 64.2% of the occurrence sites in some years.This reliance on artificial habitats was closely linked to the reduced tuber biomass in natural wetlands and low winter water levels in Poyang Lake,which collectively explained 83% of the variance in crane abundance in artificial habitats.Artificial habitat use peaked in December and January,indicating marked seasonal variation.Siberian Cranes also exhibited a pronounced circadian rhythm,foraging in artificial habitats during the day and returning to natural wetlands to roost at night.Despite the shift toward artificial habitats,natural wetlands remain critical for nighttime refuge.The continued dependence on artificial habitats raises concerns about disease transmission owing to dense congregations.Conservation strategies should prioritize both the careful management of artificial provisioning sites and the restoration of natural wetlands to improve food and habitat availability within natural ecosystems,ultimately enabling the return of Siberian Cranes to their traditional natural habitats.

摘要: Acoustic signals in birds are often influenced by body and beak size(the morphological constraint hypothesis)and may also reflect the sender's condition(the condition dependence hypothesis).However,these ideas have seldom been tested in duetting species,where the acoustics of the combined signal could relate to the morphology of both vocalizing individuals.In this study,we investigated whether specific morphological traits—scaled mass index,wing length,and bill surface area—could predict individual and pair-level characteristics of Rufous Hornero(Furnarius rufus) duets.In this species,partners partially overlap their songs,with males producing faster-paced,lower-pitched songs compared to females.Morphology was most closely associated with the timing of syllables within duets,though different traits were linked to timing in each sex.Females in better condition(indicated by a higher scaled mass index) and with longer wings produced duet phrases with greater variation in syllable duration.In contrast,males with larger bills showed greater variation in both syllable duration and gaps between syllables.The degree of temporal overlap in syllables increased with female condition,but not male condition,suggesting that overlap may signal female quality.Additionally,minimum duet frequency was negatively associated with male condition,indicating that lower-frequency duets may serve as an honest signal of male quality.These findings indicate that the timing of syllables and minimum duet frequency are both condition-dependent and constrained by morphology,allowing receivers to gain multiple insights into the morphology of duetting partners in Rufous Horneros.

摘要: Traumatic brain injury(TBI) remains a major public health challenge worldwide, particularly among individuals under45 years of age, resulting in profound physical disability,neuropsychiatric impairment, and socioeconomic burden.Existing therapeutic strategies offer limited efficacy,underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment modalities. This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of OM-LV20, an amphibian-derived bioactive peptide, in a murine model of TBI. Intraperitoneal administration of OM-LV20 following controlled cortical impact significantly reduced brain water content and attenuated neurological and cognitive deficits. Histological analysis, TUNEL staining, and ultrastructural assessments revealed suppression of neuronal degeneration and mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Transcriptomic profiling, together with RT-q PCR and western blot analyses, revealed modulation of the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins, indicating a robust anti-apoptotic effect mediated through mitochondrial pathways. Additionally, OM-LV20 exhibited efficient permeability across the blood-brain barrier. These findings indicate that OM-LV20 exerted strong neuroprotective activity through targeted suppression of mitochondriacentered neuronal apoptosis, supporting its potential utility in ameliorating neurological dysfunction post-TBI. The diverse mechanistic actions identified for OM-LV20 provide a novel therapeutic avenue with considerable promise for enhancing neurological recovery in individuals with TBI.

摘要: Tau(MAPT) expression is inversely associated with glioma malignancy and patient survival. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this correlation are yet to be fully investigated. This study demonstrated that tau suppressed glioma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically, tau promoted fatty acid β-oxidation,leading to DNA damage and glioma cellular senescence.Functional analyses revealed that tau interacted with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A(CPT1A), enhancing CPT1 enzymatic activity and thereby accelerating lipid catabolism. These findings establish tau as a regulator of metabolic reprogramming and senescence in glioma via CPT1-dependent β-oxidation and support its potential as a therapeutic target in glioma management.

摘要: Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), a highly neurotropic flavivirus, preferentially targets neurons, where it replicates efficiently and induces extensive neuroinflammation and neural injury within the central nervous system(CNS),resulting in severe neurological deficits and high mortality.Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3(VEGFR-3),a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by FLT4, plays an essential role in vascular system regulation, especially in the development and maintenance of the lymphatic system. While previous studies have shown that macrophage-expressed VEGFR-3 suppresses bacterial sepsis and neuroinflammatory responses, its function in astrocytes during viral encephalitis remains unclear. To elucidate the astrocytic role of VEGFR-3 in JEV pathogenesis, mice carrying a conditional deletion of the VEGFR-3 ligand-binding domain specifically in astrocytes were generated. Astrocyte-specific VEGFR-3 deficiency led to increased brain viral load, amplified transcription of proinflammatory genes, and reduced survival following JEV challenge. JEV-infected brains with astrocytic VEGFR-3 deficiency exhibited heightened expression of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Complementary in vitro experiments further confirmed that chemical inhibition of VEGFR-3 intracellular kinase activity enhanced inflammatory cytokine gene expression in JEVinfected astrocytes. Collectively, these findings identify astrocytic VEGFR-3 as a critical negative regulator of virus-triggered neuroinflammation, implicating it as a protective modulator of host responses during JEV infection.

摘要: Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) are implicated in early-onset Parkinson's disease(PD).Despite various in vitro studies indicating the importance of PINK1 in mitophagy, its physiological function in the brain remains poorly defined due to undetectable protein levels in rodents and cultured cells under basal conditions. Here,PINK1 was found to be selectively expressed in the primate brain, enabling exploration of its endogenous role in vivo. Proteomic profiling via mass spectrometry identified the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2M(UBC12)as a PINK1-interacting partner, with strong colocalization in the monkey brain. Knockdown of PINK1 in monkeys resulted in marked reductions in UBC12 protein abundance and global neddylation, effects not observed in brain tissues from PINK1 knockout mice or pigs. These findings reveal a primate-specific PINK1-UBC12 axis and uncover a previously unrecognized role for PINK1 in protein neddylation, distinct from its established mitophagy function.