摘要: Because of anthropogenic and natural factors, zooplanktivorous fish often dominate fish assemblages within lake ecosystems along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLYRB), China. Despite their prevalence, the density-dependent effects of zooplanktivorous fish on lake food webs within the MLYRB are poorly understood compared to other omnivorous fish. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to quantify how plankton communities and water quality responded to varying densities of a common zooplanktivorous fish (Thin Sharpbelly Toxabramis swinhonis). During the experiment, the mean weekly total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4 & thorn;-N), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), turbidity, and chlorophyll-a (Chl.alpha) values in treatments where Thin Sharpbelly were present (i.e., fish-present) were all significantly higher than those in the control treatment with no Thin Sharpbelly (i.e., fish-absent). In addition, all water quality variables exhibited a significant positive relationship with the density of Thin Sharpbelly. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the fish-present treatments were significantly higher than in the fish-absent treatment, with Pseudanabaena spp., Dolichospermum spp., and Limnothrix spp. dominating the phytoplankton assemblage. The biomass and abundance of small-bodied zooplankton increased with fish density, whereas the relative abundance and biomass of large-bodied zooplankton (cladocerans and copepods) showed the opposite trend. Also, the ratio of zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass declined nonlinearly with fish density, while the ratio of Chl.alpha to TP was significantly positively correlated with fish density. Collectively, experimental results indicated that zooplanktivorous fish increased the concentrations of nutrients and stimulated phytoplankton growth through feeding on large zooplankton and the strength of these effects increase with fish density. Moreover, results indicate that high densities of zooplanktivorous fish can alter plankton assemblage structure by facilitating growth of undesirable cyanobacteria and shifting the composition of zooplankton to smaller-bodied species and forms. Our results demonstrate how Thin Sharpbelly, and potentially other obligate zooplanktivorous fish, can have adverse effects on water quality and plankton assemblages, but these responses are density dependent. Our findings suggest that managing the density of zooplanktivorous fish could be a useful ecological rehabilitation measure for improving water quality in MLYRB lakes.

摘要: The black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a marine species that is economically important in aquaculture, and the efficiency of its spermatogenesis is vital for its success in the aquaculture industry. Spermatogonia serve as the foundation of spermatogenesis in fish, possessing the ability for continuous self-renewal and progressive differentiation into mature spermatozoa. Moreover, Sertoli cells are crucial in modulating the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia. This study focused on the regulation of glycolysis by PLIN2a in Sertoli cells of the black rockfish and examined how the inhibition of glycolysis in these cells impacted the proliferation and differentiation processes of spermatogonia. We found that effective regulation of glycolysis was crucial for the metabolic activity and functional maintenance of Sertoli cells in black rockfish. Overexpression of plin2a in vitro enhanced glycolysis in Sertoli cells, whereas inhibition of glycolysis impaired their normal metabolic activity. In vivo inhibition of glycolysis in black rockfish testes lead to apoptosis of Sertoli cells and significantly suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia. These results underscore the essential role of glycolysis in the development and metabolic activity of Sertoli cells and highlight the critical regulatory role of glycolysis in determining the fate of spermatogonia. This study emphasizes the importance of regulating energy metabolism pathways, particularly glycolysis, in Sertoli cells to indirectly influence the development of spermatogonia, offering significant insights into the reproductive mechanisms of black rockfish and other teleost species.

摘要: Climate change has had an unprecedented impact on lake ecosystems around the globe and has both direct and indirect consequences on lake structure and mineralization. These changes are threatening the unique biodiversity that lake ecosystems currently support. Siberia is experiencing one of the greatest impacts of climate change in the world, with exceptional warming in the north and increasing aridity in the south. Lakes in southern West Siberia, including saline and hypersaline waterbodies within endorheic basins, remain unexplored in terms of the biodiversity of the microbial eukaryotes inhabiting them. In this study, we investigated the taxonomic and functional diversity of planktonic protist communities in saline and hypersaline lakes (22-220 parts per thousand) in southern Western Siberia through Illumina 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Taxonomic diversity was represented by the Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, Cryptista, Excavata, Haptista, Obazoa, Provora, and TSAR supergroups, and varied significantly among lakes of different salinities. Salinity has been shown to be an important determinant that directly influences the composition and uniqueness of protist communities. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed a decrease in the complexity of the network of protist communities with increasing salinity. The taxonomic diversity of protists in lakes determines functional diversity, which is expressed as the relative abundance of free-living heterotrophs, phototrophs, and parasites. Phototrophs dominated the delta-hypersaline waters, and free-living heterotrophs dominated the alpha- and beta-hypersaline lakes. The parasite amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were affiliated mainly with mixohaline and beta-hypersaline lakes.

摘要: Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are important regulators of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Within the SOCS family, SOCS3 is one of the most potent inhibitors of cytokine signaling. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the function of SOCS3 on regulating type I interferon (IFN) signaling in fish. In this study, the complete open reading frame (ORF) of SOCS3 from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea, LcSOCS3) was cloned and characterized. The ORF of LcSOCS3 was 618 nucleotides in length and encoded a protein containing 205 amino acids. LcSOCS3 had the typical domain architecture of the SOCS family, including an SRC homology 2 (SH2) domain, a SOCS box, an additional kinase inhibition region (KIR), and an extended SH2 subdomain (ESS). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LcSOCS3 was clustered with other fish SOCS3s and most closely related to the SOCS3 of Collichthy lucidus. LcSOCS3 mRNA was detected in all organs or tissues examined, and its expression was significantly increased in both head kidney and spleen tissues, and primary head kidney leukocytes after poly(I:C) stimulation. Overexpression of LcSOCS3 significantly promoted Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) replication, resulting in a more severe cytopathic effect, increased viral titer, enhanced copy number of the SVCV-G gene, and decreased expression levels of IFN1, IRF7, ISG15, Viperin, PKR, and Mx in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells. Silencing of LcSOCS3 correspondingly up-regulated the expression of IFNi, IFNh, PKR, Viperin, and Mx in large yellow croaker head kidney (LYCK) cells. Additionally, LcSOCS3 was shown to interact with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) which may inhibit STAT1 translocating into the nucleus. This speculation was supported by the increased phosphorylation level of STAT1 in head kidney leukocytes after LcSOCS3 silencing. These results indicated that LcSOCS3 functioned as a potential negative regulator of type I IFN signaling in large yellow croaker through its interaction with STAT1.

摘要: One-Health is an umbrella term that integrates the health of the environment, humans and non-human animals. This approach is applied here to elucidate the impact of non -native invasive species on aquaculture and food security. Despite inherent biases against these species, a better understanding of their characteristics allows for the identi fication of those of greatest concern, minimizing the risk of food shortages and infectious diseases. This review summarises the positive and negative impacts of non -native species, delineating the speci fic areas they may impact. Additionally, this review gives an insight to the expertise and stakeholders that would need to be included if a One-Health approach were to be implemented by policymakers to better control non -native species. Detailed examples illustrate the consequences of non -native species on trophic dynamics, ecosystem health, water chemistry, and human health, emphasizing the importance of managing them within a multidimensional framework. The One-Health approach is explained, and suggestions are made on how certain non -native species could be used to contribute to food security in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, recommendations are made to promote a more inclusive management strategy.

摘要: 野生动物活动节律和重叠度的研究对于制定有效的保护和管理策略至关重要。为掌握小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）和野猪（Sus scrofa）的活动节律和重叠度，2020年7月—2022年6月，利用红外相机技术对广东大瑶山省级自然保护区的小麂和野猪进行研究，应用核密度估计、重叠系数及拍摄率等研究小麂和野猪的日活动节律、季节性变化规律和不同林分类型的活动规律。结果表明：小麂属于典型的晨昏性动物双峰型，活动高峰为06:00—08:00和18:00—20:00，日活动模式比较稳定，不会随季节改变而明显波动。野猪活动节律与小麂不同，属于单峰型，活动高峰为08:00—10:00，且活动高峰随季节变化而变化。小麂拍摄率最高的季节为秋季，野猪则为夏季。小麂和野猪都偏好于常绿阔叶林。两物种在4个季节（重叠系数0.77～0.88）和4种林分（重叠系数0.67～0.86）的活动模式明显重叠。小麂和野猪的活动节律是一种对多变环境的适应策略，研究结果可为保护区小麂和野猪的保护管理提供科学依据。

摘要: 髋臼病理性骨折是一种临床诊疗较为棘手的骨科疾病。本文报道了首例在大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）中成功治愈的病例。该大熊猫因髋臼局部遭受高能量撞击致闭合性创伤，后继发急性骨髓炎。由于野生动物发病隐匿，早期日常活动未见明显异常，随着病情进展为慢性骨髓炎并诱发局部病理性骨折，其活动能力才明显受限。在诊疗过程中，综合应用DR和CT三维重建技术精确定位病灶，经周密术前规划，成功实施病灶清除与内固定术，重建了受损髋臼，术后患兽恢复良好。本病例为大熊猫骨科疾病的诊疗方案优化与健康管理提供了重要的理论依据和实践参考。

摘要: 东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica）幼虎的行为研究对其保护生物学与发育生态学至关重要。传统人工观察方法效率低下且易受主观因素影响，亟需发展自动化、客观的技术手段。为此，提出并验证了一种基于骨骼关键点的深度学习框架，以实现对东北虎幼虎行为的精准识别与跟踪。基于黑龙江东北虎林园和横道河子东北虎林园共计15只东北虎幼虎的监控视频，构建了包含16个人工标注关键点的姿态估计数据集及5种常见行为的行为识别数据集。利用训练好的高分辨率网络（HRNet）生成初始姿态数据，通过连续关键点序列关联行为标签与个体ID，构建了行为识别与跟踪数据集。在该数据集上，采用多个行为识别网络进行对比实验，并应用字节跟踪算法（ByteTrack）进行多目标个体跟踪。结果表明：注意力增强自适应图卷积神经网络（attention-enhanced adaptive graph convolutional neural network,AAGCN）在幼虎行为识别任务中的准确率最优，达76.59%;ByteTrack在个体跟踪中的多目标跟踪准确率（multiple object tracking accuracy,MOTA）高达92.76%。本方法在东北虎幼虎行为识别与跟踪中表现优异，为圈养大型猫科（Felidae）动物幼崽的行为量化与分析提供了可靠工具，对野生动物保护和繁育管理具有直接应用价值。

摘要: 伴人种蝙蝠常栖居于人造建筑物，其活动引发的噪声和粪便污染易导致人蝠冲突，但人类态度如何影响蝙蝠种群动态尚不清楚。为此，本研究于2015—2023年每年6月，通过直接观察法和声学监测法，对黑龙江省6个东方蝙蝠（Vespertilio sinensis）繁殖种群进行了长期追踪，并结合问卷调查揭示了居民对其栖居的态度及其原因。结果表明：6个种群的动态模式呈现4种类型。（1）哈尔滨桥面缝隙种群数量保持稳定；（2）哈尔滨房檐种群、大庆秋林房檐种群和大庆铁西房檐种群分别在2015、2016、2017年集中消失或迁出；（3）大庆楼牌种群逐年下降后消失或迁出；（4）牡丹江楼间缝隙种群数量由2015—2016年的（22.50±1.72）只骤减至2017—2023年的（2.17±0.89）只，并持续维持低位。问卷分析表明，居民普遍对东方蝙蝠栖居持消极态度，主要反感原因是噪声干扰（尤其在20:00—21:00和01:00—02:00）、粪便气味及对寄生虫的担忧。Fisher精确检验结果显示，种群动态与居民反感原因显著相关（P <0.05），由噪声引发的直接驱赶（如封堵出入口）是导致种群消失或迁出的关键因素。本研究证实人蝠冲突是驱动城市蝙蝠种群衰退的重要力量，强调在保护中必须考量社区态度并采取针对性管理策略，为缓解人兽冲突、制定科学的伴人种蝙蝠保护方案提供了关键案例。

摘要: 动物行为谱和PAE（posture-act-environment）编码系统的建立有助于行为学数据的科学量化和深度分析。以广布种为研究对象开展此类研究，能为揭示物种行为多样性特点及其生存适应机制奠定重要基础。为科学量化野生环颈雉（Phasianus colchicus）的行为数据，2019年7月—2021年4月，以天津盘山风景名胜区野生环颈雉为研究对象，基于红外相机技术首次建立了该物种野生种群的行为谱及PAE编码系统，并与其圈养种群行为多样性进行比较讨论。共获得野生环颈雉有效照片1 207张，包含有效独立探测首张217张。野生环颈雉行为包括运动、采食、停歇、警戒、育雏和清理6类11种，其中发生频次比例位居前3位的是运动、采食和停歇，相较于圈养环颈雉增加了奔跑和腾飞2种行为。野生环颈雉的PAE编码系统由7种姿势编码、26种动作编码和7种环境编码组成。基于整体数据的分析表明，成年雌性的绝对行为多样性指数（H）、相对多样性指数（r）和校正多样性指数（r-variable）均高于成年雄性和幼体。H和r既无显著季节差异（H：χ²=0.667,df=3,P=0.881;r：χ²=0.000,df=3,P=1.000）也无显著性别差异（H:Z=-0.581,P=0.561;r:Z=-0.866,P=0.386）。本研究结果可为野生环颈雉的综合保护与管理提供科学依据。