摘要: Aquaculture originates from ancient Chinese wisdom, and is considered the most efficient food-producing industry. About 70 years ago, New China proposed an industrial approach to fish production and made a policy decision to begin modern aquaculture development. As one of lucky persons since the early 1980s, I have committed my scholarly career to the studies on genetics and breeding biotechnology of polyploid gibel carp ( Carassius gibelio ). Here, several significant recent innovations, such as the proposition of the amphitriploid concept, the association of ploidy changes with reproduction transition, the finding of a unique ameiofusiongenesis mode, the establishment of a controllable fertility approach, the creation of intermuscular bonefree mutants, as well as the recreation of desirable goldfish, are introduced and emphasized from an active participant of these innovations. Additionally, some modern innovations and contributions are also highlighted in other aspects of aquaculture including feed development, disease control, facilities and equipment upgrading, as well as paradigm and mode changes. This comprehensive synthesis of ancient Chinese wisdom and modern innovations seeks to provide valuable insights into the field from a historical basis.

摘要: Daya Bay is a semi-enclosed bay in the South China Sea which is a coastal ecosystem with significant ecological and economic value that is subjected to a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. However, long-term variation in fish community structure in this Bay remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to explore the changing characteristics of fish species composition and community structure in Daya Bay during the past 30 years using data from 1989 to 2021 from bottom trawl surveys and historical literature data. As of now, a total of 544 species of fish have been identified in the Bay, belonging to 24 orders and 125 families. The structure of the fish community in the bay has changed over time. Firstly, there has been a clear decrease in the number of species and biomass of large fish. Secondly, the number of fish constituent orders and families has decreased. Moreover, both the average taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness decreased from 1989 to 2021. Thirdly, there is low similarity among fishes at different time phases and distinct changes in the composition of dominant species. Present results indicate that the fish community structure in Daya Bay has tended to reflect a decline in diversity, shifts in composition, and shrinking of fish body size in the past 30 years. This study improves our understanding of fish species composition and its drivers over time in Daya Bay, providing important knowledge to support the protection and restoration of this ecosystem and the important ecosystem services it provides.

摘要: Butyric acid and its derivatives are widely applied in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics, which are beneficial for the growth and health of aquatic animals. However, these products have some disadvantages including poor stability, a bitter taste, and low bioavailability. In this study, a novel butyric acid, namely pentabutyryl glucose ester (PGE), was synthesized, and the effects of PGE on the growth, liver and intestinal health, and gut microbiota of zebrafish were evaluated. We found that the supplementation of PGE at a level of 0.05% promoted the growth performance of zebrafish, decreased the level of serum LPS, ALT, and AST, and improved liver health. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (NF-kappa B p65 and IL-6) were notably downregulated, while those of anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-beta and IL-10) were upregulated, in the intestines of zebrafish fed 0.05% PGE compared with the control group. Additionally, inclusion of PGE in the diet of zebrafish increased the relative abundance of probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus and Lentilactobacillus. Overall, this study demonstrated that PGE is beneficial for the growth, liver and intestinal health, and the gut microbiota of zebrafish, providing a novel pathway to improve the application of butyric acid as a feed additive in aquaculture.

摘要: The invasive aquatic plant Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) presents significant ecological and economic challenges worldwide due to its rapid proliferation and dominance in freshwater ecosystems. This review synthesizes the multifaceted aspects of P. crassipes, from its ecological impacts to its potential applications, highlighting sustainable management strategies. Despite its invasiveness, P. crassipes exhibits remarkable potential in phytoremediation, biofuel production, biomaterial synthesis, and agricultural uses. Its ability to absorb pollutants, including heavy metals and nutrients, renders it valuable for environmental remediation. The conversion of P. crassipes into biochar, bioplastics, and industrial products aligns with circular economy principles, promoting resource recovery and environmental conservation. However, while these applications are promising in theory, real-world evidence demonstrating the successful mitigation of P. crassipes' invasive potential through such methods remains minimal. Few case studies and field trials have shown positive impacts, underscoring the need for further research before conclusive recommendations can be made. Traditional management methods, such as mechanical, chemical, and biological controls, face limitations including labor intensity, environmental safety concerns, and ecological impacts. An integrated approach that combines these strategies is essential for effective management. Future research should prioritize large-scale case studies to evaluate the practical viability of these sustainable applications and their long-term ecological effects, ultimately repurposing P. crassipes from an invasive species into a valuable resource for global environmental sustainability.

摘要: Large rivers throughout the world have been transformed by anthropogenic stressors that are known to influence the structure and composition of fish assemblages. Management of large rivers requires balancing socio-economic and political considerations with biodiversity conservation efforts. By exchanging best management practices between rivers, management efforts can be improved. However, data limitations have largely prevented comparative analyses among fish assemblages in large rivers, potentially limiting the effectiveness of shared management strategies. To improve understanding of the similarities and differences between the Upper Mississippi and Yangtze Rivers, we (1) compared environmental variables and functional traits of fish assemblages between the two systems, (2) identified traits responsible for distinguishing functional groups from one another, and (3) investigated relationships between similar functional groups of fishes and environmental variables to establish expectations for how fish assemblages in large rivers might respond to anthropogenic stressors. Regional species pools in the Upper Mississippi and Upper Yangtze Rivers were characterized by a similar composition of functional traits; the majority of species were omnivorous, had affinities for gravel or sand substrates, and produced sinking eggs. Few species were pelagic, planktivorous, or herbivorous. Functional groups in both rivers were primarily distinguished according to species' trophic habits and substrate preferences, with secondary contributions from species' water column positions and life history characteristics. Pelagic planktivores and smallbodied guarders with an affinity for structural habitat complexity tended to increase downriver in both systems, in direct association with total phosphorus concentrations, agricultural land use, and temperature. In contrast, proportions of lithophilic species with affinities for gravel or cobble substrates were highest in segments located furthest upriver. By highlighting the sensitivity of different groups of fishes to anthropogenic stressors, we provide insights into the functional ecology of fishes inhabiting the Mississippi and Yangtze Rivers.

摘要: Regulation of host interferon (IFN) production is a crucial strategy for viral immune escape. We propose that the LxIS motif language, a marker for exogenous viral proteins, interacts with host retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) factors. In this study, the viral proteins containing the LxIS motif of grass carp reovirus (GCRV), and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), which belong to the fish RNA and DNA viruses, were found to interact with RLRs, and the general functions of these proteins were negative regulation of IFN activation. Terrestrial animal viruses with this motif language, such as SARS-CoV-2 and so on, are also examined. Several viral proteins that were not reported previously were found to be associated with the RLR pathway. Taken together, the LxIS motif language elucidates a straightforward and ef ficient method for identifying viral proteins that target host RLRs to regulate IFN expression, and is conserved in both lower and higher vertebrates.

摘要: This paper critically reviews the progress in ecosystem integrity (health) assessment of inland waters and provides future directions for assessment. Current biotic integrity assessments mainly use multimetric indices and pre-dictive models to evaluate overall health status; the criteria largely rely on pristine reference sites, but such an approach is not applicable to unique natural waters and irreversibly modified waters. Biotic diagnostic assess-ments are still in the exploratory stage and can only diagnose possible stressor types and wide-ranges of their intensities through empirical models linking stressors and species-trait-indices. Current chemical integrity as-sessments mainly use criteria determined by small-scale ecotoxicity tests, rather than quantitative relationships developed between chemical factors and biotic effects in real ecosystems, thus potentially under or over-estimating pollutant toxicity. Current physical integrity assessments focus on overall habitat quality, rather than quantitative habitat requirements, and thus cannot provide quantitative support for ecological restoration and conservation. Current hydrological integrity (environment flow) assessments largely depend on quantitative relationships between hydrological regimes with a few species and single groups, rather than with whole com-munities, and fail to comprehensively diagnose hydrological causes of biotic resource decline. In the future, integrity assessments need to be based on ecosystem integrity requirements of ecosystem service targets: first, there is a need to build quantitative relationships between biotic integrity and ecosystem services, assess re-quirements of community structure and function for service goals, and establish biotic integrity assessment methods; second, we must build quantitative relationships between biotic integrity and abiotic integrity in real ecosystems, assess chemical, physical, and hydrological integrity requirements of biotic needs, and establish diagnostic assessment methods.

摘要: Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by flow regulation, sedimentation, habitat degradation, non-native species, and water pollution. These disturbances have led to global losses of biodiversity and habitats. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the ecological condition of freshwater ecosystems to promote effective management practices. Quantitative predictive models based on multivariate analyses of taxa richness are recognized ecological tools that can facilitate the monitoring and managing of freshwater ecosystems worldwide. However, few studies have used this approach to assess tropical rivers and streams. By evaluating predictive models, we can assess their usefulness for determining water-body taxonomic richness. We built a RIVPACS-type model based on macroinvertebrate assemblages (MINASPACS), for spatially extensive taxa richness assessments of Minas Gerais state streams, southeast Brazil. As a second objective, we assessed the sensitivity of the MINASPACS to human-induced disturbances affecting Minas Gerais streams through the relative risk (RR) approach. The MINASPACS model was trained with biological and environmental data from 78 reference sites and showed good accuracy (R-2> 0.6, SD O/E 1/4 0.16). We found that percent of urban infrastructure, percent of catchment anthropogenic land use, Turbidity, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus represented significant risks to the taxa richness of Minas Gerais streams. Because of its accuracy, sensitivity, and use of map-level predictor variables, our model provides a clear, simple, and defensible measure of stream macroinvertebrate taxa richness across diverse biomes.

摘要: Two populations of the kentrurostylid ciliate Pseudokeronopsis erythrina Chen et al., 2011 were isolated from a brackish wastewater treatment plant, Pisa, Italy and from a nutrient-rich freshwater body, the East Lake, Wuhan, China. The populations were thoroughly investigated for their morphology, focusing on cell body plasticity. The study was supplemented with 18S rDNA phylogenetic analysis and mitogenome sequencing, following the integrative taxonomy approach. The Italian population possesses a great variation in terms of the frontal area, and the numbers of left marginal rows, and dorsal kineties. Additionally, the number of left marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen varied. For instance, additional small anlagen appeared in the left marginal rows, and two dorsal kineties anlagen derived from a single dorsal kinety. The Wuhan population resembled the type population (originally isolated from Guangzhou, China), differing only by the presence of an extra dorsal kinety. The existence of giant individuals characterized both new populations of P. erythrina although with some differences in their respective frequency and features. The 18S rDNA sequences of the Italian, Wuhan, and type populations were identical. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these three populations formed a distinct cluster within the clade containing P. songi, P. parasongi, and P. flava. The structure of the P. erythrina mitochondrial genome is also provided. The content of this genome closely resembled Pseudourostyla cristata, except for the absence of genes nadh3 and nadh6. Our findings suggest that the Wuhan population represents an intermediate form between the type and Italian populations. The greater morphological plasticity observed in the Italian population underscores the importance of molecular data and integrative analyses in species identification.

摘要: Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism implicated in sex determination and differentiation in teleosts, which exhibit a diversity of sex-determining mechanisms. In this study, based on whole transcriptome sequencing data, a ceRNA regulatory network composed of sex-inclined miRNAs (miR-456), lncRNAs (ASTR), circRNAs (circklhl29), and target mRNAs (spire1 and sox11) was uncovered in the gonadal tissues of Seriola dumerili, an oceanic species with lagged gonadal development. MiRNA-456 was identified as the core of the ceRNA regulatory network and suppressed the expression of spire1 and sox11, interacting with the ncRNAs including circklhl29 and ASTR. Co-localization of these sex-biased ncRNAs and mRNAs in the gonads suggests that this ceRNA network modulated the gonadal differentiation in both sexes of S. dumerili. In vivo injection in the gonads of S. dumerili suggested the miR-456 agonist could significantly inhibit expression of sox11 and spire1 in male testes, while significant regulatory effects of the miR-456 agonist and antagonist on sox11 and spire1 targets were not observed in female ovaries. The conserved binding sites for sequences of miR-456 and spire1/sox11 targets in various fish species were aligned and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments clarified the universality of the mechanism by which miR-456 bound to inhibit sox11/spire1 targets in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), and zebrafish (Danio rerio). These results further support the notion that ceRNA networks may be a universal regulatory system in teleosts despite their highly divergent sex regulation programs.