摘要: 本文描述了中国云南南滚河保护区华狼蛛属一新种:南滚河华狼蛛Sinacosa nangunheensis sp.n.,提供了详细的描述、照片和手绘图,并提供了华狼蛛属的检索表.

摘要: 本文描述了一种采自中国福建幽灵蛛科呵叻蛛属1新种:群阵呵叻蛛Khorata qunzhen Yao& Liu,sp.nov.,并提供了该新种形态特征图与分布地图.

摘要: 本文基于美国菲尔德博物馆的馆藏标本,记述了产自马达加斯加的Martensikara属一新种:Ma.quadrituberculata sp.nov.和产自巴布亚新几内亚的 Micropoda 属一新种:Mi.bigyrus sp.nov.,并提供了这两个新种的鉴别特征、形态描述、触肢器的手绘图与照片、分布图.

摘要: 本文描述了一种采自中国南方地区园蛛科桂齐蛛属的1个新种:浩洋桂齐蛛,Guizygiella haoyangi Yao & Liu,sp.nov.,并提供了该种鉴定特征和形态特征图.同时,首次在江西省发现了森林桂齐蛛 G.salta(Yin & Gong,1996),并进行了描述.

摘要: 本文基于美国菲尔德博物馆的馆藏标本,记述了产自马达加斯加的Zorodictyna属一新种:Zorodictyna yuani sp.nov.,并提供了该新种的鉴别特征、形态描述、触肢器的手绘图和照片.

摘要: Dongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China, supports high biodiversity and many endemic or endangered species, such as finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides), Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri), and east Asian minnow (Ochetobius elongatus), and is thus a global biodiversity hotspot. It is located within an important aquaculture and agricultural region, and many non-native species were introduced into the lake for aquaculture and the ornamental trade. However, information about these non-native species is scarce. We sampled the lake and updated a list of the lake's non-native species, reviewed their status, and threat to biodiversity, as well as their contribution to aquaculture and fisheries. A total of 157 non-native species, including 14 fishes, 136 vascular plants, 1 amphibian, 2 crustacea, 2 mollusca, and 2 reptile species have been imported into Dongting Lake. The main pathways of introduction are through the ornamental trade (97 species, 62%), followed by unintentional introductions (23 species, 15%), aquaculture (13 species, 8%), herbal medicine uses (8 species, 5%), forage grasses (7 species, 4%), food (5 species, 3%), timber (2 species, 1%) and biocontrol and oil (1 species each, 1% respectively). The non-native species origins are North America (43 species, 27%), South America (42 species, 27%), Asia (29 species, 18%), Europe (28 species, 18%), Africa (13 species, 8%), and Oceania (2 species, 1%). Some non-native species, such as red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and parrot's feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), are valuable for aquaculture and horticulture. However, other nonnative species, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, Pomacea canaliculate, and Trachemys scripta elegans, pose a potential threat to local biodiversity, human health, and sustainable development. Better management and control of non-native species in Dongting Lake are needed.

摘要: Multi-strain probiotics provide the most dependable approaches to improve health, immune response, and disease resistance in farmed fishes. In the present study, we examined the effects of multi-species probiotics on the survival, growth, immune response, and disease resistance of rohu (Labeo rohita) larvae. Newly hatched larvae from the day of first feeding (average weight of 0.003 g) were reared with multi-species probiotics having a combination of Bacillus subtilis (109 colony forming units (cfu)/mL) and Lactobacillus spp. (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri -1011 cfu/mL) in water containing doses of 0 (control-C), 0.5 mL/L (treatment 1-T1), and 1.0 mL/L (treatment 2-T2) in triplicates for 90 days. After the experiment, a challenge test was performed to assess the fish's resistance to pathogenic Aeromonas veronii. Significantly higher survival was recorded in larvae of treated groups (87% in T2 and 79% in T1) compared to the control (62%). Significantly higher growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate-SGR) was shown by the probiotic-treated larval groups compared to the control. Probiotic supplementation resulted in significantly higher counts of total viable colony (TVC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the intestine. Some immunological parameters (mucosal fold fattening, goblet cell abundance, expansion of lamina propria and enterocytes) of the gut were significantly better in probiotic-treated fish. The liver of treated fish showed irregular shape nuclei turning into regular shape and reducing spaces between the hepatic cells. Probiotic-treated fish had the highest post-challenge survival rate (90%) against A. veronii infection. The erythrocytes of challenged fish treated with probiotics had significantly lower frequencies of various nuclear and cellular abnormalities. These findings suggest that multi-species probiotic supplements could improve the survival, growth, health status, and immune response of rohu in the early stages of its development.

摘要: As nitrogen removal requires anaerobic conditions for denitrification, which facilitates the production of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, it is a challenge to achieve nitrogen removal with minimal CH4 emissions in constructed wetlands (CWs). This study proposed a solution for mitigating CH4 emissions while achieving nitrogen removal using porous fillers in CWs. We found that active denitrification occurred in the interior pores of these fillers in an oxygen-rich environment. The microbial analysis indicated that the internal pores of porous fillers created anaerobic habitats for denitrifiers as they had a higher nosZ/amoA ratio than on the surface. The anaerobic decomposition of organic matter was inhibited, yielding significantly lower CH4/CO2 ratios (<1.0 x 10(-5)) than those of traditional CWs (0.07). The methanogen proliferation and CH4 production efficiency also remained at low levels (<1.1 x 10(-3) and 0.045%, respectively), which was significantly lower than in traditional CWs (2.3 x 10(6) and 38%, respectively). Overall, this study proposed a strategy for mitigating the greenhouse effect of carbon emissions from CWs in the future.

摘要: Despite the growing awareness on the importance of gut microbiomes, understanding marine mammal gut microbiomes remains limited due to difficulties in sampling. Spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) are widely spread oceanic cetaceans, and there is a gap in knowledge regarding their gut microbiology. In this study, we opportunistically collected samples from both wild and human-cared spotted dolphins in the southern waters of Hainan Island, China. This provided the opportunity to examine the composition and diversity of the gut microbial communities of this cetacean species. Since these dolphins inhabit a similar water environment, different food sources might be the primary factor distinguishing the gut microbiomes of wild and human-cared populations, offering valuable experimental material to investigate potential differences in gut microbial community structure among marine mammals in similar environments but with varying food sources. We found that the gastrointestinal microbial community structure of wild and human-cared dolphins demonstrated significant differences, both overall and at specific locations. However, no significant difference was observed in the microbial diversity of their gastrointestinal tracts, indicating that the disparities primarily lie in microbiota composition. Additionally, we detected numerous potentially pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a comprehensive future study of marine mammal gut microbiology. Such a study might involve determining health indicator factors associated with these microbiomes. Our study not only supplements information on the gut microbiology of spotted dolphins but also delves into the similarities and differences in gastrointestinal microbial communities within the same marine mammal species when food source variations play a significant role in their lives.

摘要: To explore the modulatory role of miR-144 in Nrf2 cascade reactions and assess its potential as a target for alleviating oxidative fish oil-induced intestinal damage in Megalobrama amblycephala, four experimental diets were formulated. A conventional diet was kept as the control diet (NC), while experimental diets consisted of the control diet supplemented with oxidized fish oil (OF, peroxide value: 323 mmol/kg), OF & thorn; miR-144 agomir and OF & thorn; miR-144 antagomir, respectively. In the oxidative stress model of M. amblycephala induced by oxidized fish oil, dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence probe and morphological results revealed that oxidized fish oil markedly elevated the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within intestinal cells and destroyed the intestinal barrier structure, such that the height of the intestinal villus and the thickness of the muscle layer were significantly reduced, and intestinal barrier-related genes ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-7 alpha were significantly down-regulated. Additionally, oxidized fish oil treatment activated autophagy and apoptosis of intestinal cells, which was manifested by the significant up-regulation of autophagy-related genes Beclin-1, VPS34, P62 and ATG5 (P < 0.05), the increase of autophagosomes, and the significant up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes HSP27, Caspase3, Cas-pase8 and Caspase9 (P < 0.05). Further studies showed that miR-144 agomir significantly enhanced Keap1 expression and inhibited Nrf2 expression, while miR-144 antagomir had the opposite effect. Importantly, forced expression of miR-144 induced ROS accumulation by silencing Nrf2, raised the expression of inflammatory factors (P < 0.05), and even further induced the development of autophagy and apoptosis, while miR-144 antagomir could offset this effect by reactivating Nrf2 expression. In summary, this study showed that silencing miR-144 could protect intestinal cells of M. amblycephala from oxidative damage by targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-144 is expected to be a regulatory target for ameliorating intestinal oxidative damage induced by oxidized oils.