摘要: Urban environments have challenging characteristics for bird acoustic communication. High levels of anthropogenic noise, as well as vegetation structure(e.g., in urban parks), can potentially affect the song frequency characteristics of several bird species. An additional factor such as the abundance of conspecific and heterospecific vocalizing birds may play an important role in determining the structure of bird songs. In this study, we analyzed whether noise levels, vegetation percentage, and abundance of conspecifics and heterospecifics influence the song characteristics of three syntopic songbird species: House Finch(Haemorhous mexicanus), Rufouscollared Sparrow(Zonotrichia capensis), and House Sparrow(Passer domesticus) living in urban sites. We recorded songs of these species and measured the peak frequency and entropy of their songs at 14 sites in the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. We found that the song peak frequency of House Finch and House Sparrow's songs was negatively related to the vegetation. The peak frequency of neither of the three species correlated with the average noise level. However, the abundances of conspecific and heterospecific were related to the peak frequency of the three species' songs. The entropy of the House Finch and House Sparrow songs was positively and negatively related, respectively, to noise levels. House Sparrow song entropy was negatively related to the percentage of vegetation. Song entropy of House Finches was negatively associated to conspecific and House Sparrow abundance. Song entropy of Rufous-collared Sparrows was positively related to conspecific abundance. In conclusion, the song peak frequency and song entropy of the three songbird species were differentially related to urban noise, vegetation, and conspecific and heterospecific abundance, suggesting these factors influence bird song characteristics.

摘要: Birdsong is an important secondary sexual trait which may vary between but also within species. Intraspecific variation is generally studied either on the geographical or on the temporal scale; most of the studies exploring the variation of song over time, however, focused on species with rather simple songs. In this study, we explored the temporal changes in song of a complex songster, the Thrush Nightingale(Luscinia luscinia), recorded after 33 years(in 1986 and 2019) at the same locality in south-eastern Finland. Our analysis revealed a complete turnover of song types over the study period, with no song type shared between the two recording years. In contrast, 40% of the originally recorded syllable types were still found in the repertoires of recently recorded males. Their song type repertoires were significantly smaller but the songs themselves were on average longer compared to the 1986 recordings. Repertoires of both syllables and song types were more shared between males recorded in 1986 than between those from 2019. We discuss the processes that may have contributed to these temporal changes in song and call for more detailed studies of song evolution in wild populations.

摘要: Bird vocalizations are pivotal for ecological monitoring, providing insights into biodiversity and ecosystem health. Traditional recognition methods often neglect phase information, resulting in incomplete feature representation. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to bird vocalization recognition(BVR) that integrates both amplitude and phase information, leading to enhanced species identification. We propose MHARes Net, a deep learning(DL) model that employs residual blocks and a multi-head attention mechanism to capture salient features from logarithmic power(POW), Instantaneous Frequency(IF), and Group Delay(GD) extracted from bird vocalizations. Experiments on three bird vocalization datasets demonstrate our method's superior performance, achieving accuracy rates of 94%, 98.9%, and 87.1% respectively. These results indicate that our approach provides a more effective representation of bird vocalizations, outperforming existing methods. This integration of phase information in BVR is innovative and significantly advances the field of automatic bird monitoring technology, offering valuable tools for ecological research and conservation efforts.

摘要: 为了开发1组SNP分子标记适用于蓝鹇Lophura swinhoii的个体识别,利用全基因组重测序数据筛选单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,通过多重PCR与高通量测序验证其识别效果.经严格筛选获得了59个SNP位点,分别位于30条常染色体上.基因型分型结果显示,该组59个SNP位点的检出率高达99.69％,且均为双等位基因.59个SNP位点的平均观测杂合度为0.378,平均期望杂合度为0.459,平均多态性信息含量为0.345.在个体识别验证中,2只个体的两两重复样本在59个SNP位点的基因型完全一致;而20只不同个体两两之间错配的SNP位点数量平均为36个.本文开发的359个SNP位点组合具有较高的可靠性和丰富的多态性,理论上可为59只个体提供专属DNA分子标签.本文建立的SNP组合与方法不仅能够高效、准确地完成蓝鹇个体识别,还可用于遗传多样性评估,为蓝鹇种群的科学遗传管理提供了关键的分子基础资料,对今后该物种的保护与研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.

摘要: 为探讨阿勒泰(鱥)Phoxinus phoxinus ujmonensis种质资源现状及遗传多样性水平,利用线粒体CO Ⅰ基因序列对阿尔泰山保护地4个不同群体进行遗传多样性分析.结果显示:116尾阿勒泰(鱥)样本CO Ⅰ基因序列的A+T平均含量(54.02％)＞C+G平均含量(45.98％);共定义了13个单倍型,整体单倍型多样性为0.454±0.053,核苷酸多样性为0.000 84±0.000 12;群体间遗传距离为0.000 33～0.001 28,群体内遗传距离为0.000 11～0.001 43;单倍型系统发育树并未呈现明显的地理遗传结构;单倍型网络结构图呈单一星状分布态势;群体间遗传分化指数为-0.01134～0.133 33;中性检验(Tajima's D=-2.005 80,Fu's Fs=-13.198)与核苷酸错配分布均表明,阿勒泰(鱥)群体在历史上经历过种群扩张事件;分子方差分析结果显示遗传变异主要源于群体内(94.11％).研究表明,阿尔泰山保护地4个阿勒泰(鱥)群体遗传多样性偏低,其中苏木达依叶克河群体遗传多样性最低,且呈现高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性的遗传特征.本研究结果认为,阿尔泰山保护地阿勒泰(鱥)种群存在不稳定风险,应进一步加强种质资源保护和合理的渔业资源利用.

摘要: 鸟类选择适宜的材料筑巢是重要的生活史策略,不同种类巢材提供的功能对于繁殖成功率具有不同意义.为探究南京城市范围鸟类巢材选择及其对城市化的适应,2023-2024年,在南京远郊、近郊、城市中心对冬季84个废弃鸟巢的巢材中自然材料及人工材料的特征进行了调查.结果表明:鸟类对人工材料有显著偏好,尤以塑料丝、人工棉的选择频率最高;位于城市不同地理位置的鸟类筑巢时对人工材料的偏好不同,城市中心鸟巢含有的人工材料种类多,远郊的鸟巢则含有较少人工材料;鸟巢含人工材料重量与远离人类活动范围程度呈负相关.本研究结果不仅有助于深入了解城市鸟类与环境之间的互动关系,亦为城市生态环境的建设和鸟类保护提供了参考依据.

摘要: 2023年12月3日,在甘肃省兰州市城关区雁北街道滩尖子原生态湿地公园河中沙洲(103.876 96° E,36.079 86°N,海拔1 507 m)观察并拍摄到1只灰白色鸥类,其与渔鸥Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus体型相似,喙浅粉色,尖端四分之一处黑色,跗跖粉色,全身皮黄近灰白色,羽有褐色纵纹,通过初级飞羽纯白色而非黑底白斑可与银鸥类相区分(图1),经鉴定为北极鸥Larus hyperboreus未成年个体(氏原巨野等,2017;刘阳等,2021).发现时该个体与渔鸥、红嘴鸥 Chroicocephalus ridibundus、西伯利亚银鸥 L.vegae混群,在河中沙洲休憩.

摘要: 2025年4月10日,在江苏省南通市如东县开展春季沿海湿地调查期间,调查团队在如东周海水产养殖有限公司附近的沿海滩涂地(121.454 135 61°E,32.309 769 76°N,海拔3 m)记录到1只全身羽色为白色的鸟类(图1).该鸟体型与周边大滨鹬Calidris tenuirostris个体相似,全身羽毛整体纯白色,喙深黑色且较长.经过约30 min的观察,该个体的觅食等行为与大滨鹬无显著差异.因此,确认该个体为大滨鹬.

摘要: 为探究华南沿海地区5个大刺鳅Mastacembelus armatus种群的群体遗传多样性和遗传结构,测定分析了155个样本的线粒体cytb基因.结果显示,cyt b基因序列长1 138 bp,包含48个变异位点和28个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.772 00,核苷酸多样性为0.005 90.AMOVA分析显示,其遗传变异主要来源于群体内(62.85％).系统发育分析显示,所有群体聚成2支:支系Ⅰ包括南流江和红河水系的全部样本,以及郁江、南渡江和鉴江的部分样本;支系Ⅱ则主要由南渡江、郁江和鉴江的另一部分样本组成.由单倍型网络关系图可知,南渡江、郁江、南流江和鉴江种群共享单倍型H5的个体数量最多,推测H5可能是该地区最古老的单倍型,其他单倍型可能由其逐步进化而来.种群核苷酸错配分析和中性检验结果表明,除红河和南流江种群外,其他种群近期未发生过种群扩张事件.本研究结果为华南沿海地区大刺鳅种质资源的保护和合理开发利用提供了参考资料.

摘要: 2021年7月和2022年9月在广西壮族自治区桂林市分别捕获一批墓蝠,共20只(13♂7♀).该批墓蝠体型较大,前臂长68.80～75.10 mm(n=20).耳廓较大,边缘附有短毛,内有连续褶皱;耳屏短小且圆钝;尾部被尾膜包裹,而尾尖突出在尾膜上,尾端部有几根白色长毛.对2022年采集的4只墓蝠标本进行外形和头骨数据的测量:头骨粗壮,颅全长24.42～25.48 mm,颧宽13.81～14.65 mm(均为n=4);脑颅呈梨形;眼眶后方两侧有明显的眶后突;左右鼓泡间的基蝶骨区形成较深的"马蹄形"凹陷;齿式:1.1.2.3/2.1.2.3=30.上述标本与大墓蝠Taphozous theobaldi的外形及头骨特征相符.基于cyt b基因序列的系统发育分析也支持形态学鉴定结果.本发现为大墓蝠在广西分布的新记录,标本保存于广东省科学院动物研究所.