摘要: 为明确低剂量高效氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷和吡虫啉3种常用杀虫剂对蜕皮期星豹蛛捕食量的影响,以黑腹果蝇为猎物通过室内控制试验进行了测定.研究结果表明,在低剂量杀虫剂作用下,雌性星豹蛛在接触药物后的前5 d日均捕食量较对照组均有小幅升高,随后出现小幅下降;雄性星豹蛛在接触药物后的前5 d日均捕食量较对照组均有小幅下降,随后趋于接近.在相同处理条件下,雌性星豹蛛的日均捕食量均显著高于雄性星豹蛛.杀虫剂处理造成了蜕皮当日雌性星豹蛛捕食量的较大波动.同时,高效氯氰菊酯处理对蜕皮期雌性星豹蛛的日均捕食量有显著影响,蜕皮前期显著升高,而蜕皮后期显著下降.在相同处理条件下,雌性星豹蛛蜕皮前期的日均捕食量均显著低于蜕皮后期.该研究证明低剂量杀虫剂对蜕皮期星豹蛛的捕食量有重要影响,说明蜕皮期星豹蛛自身的生理压力可能放大了杀虫剂的生态风险.

摘要: Based on the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History,a new species of the genus Zorodictyna Strand,1907 from Madagascar is reported:Z.yuani sp.nov.(male).Diagnosis,morphological description and illus-trations are provided.

摘要: Two new species of the genus Draconarius Ovtchinnikov,1999 from Shaanxi and Shandong Province are described:Draconarius yananensis sp.nov.(♂♀)and Draconarius yunzhii sp.nov.(♂).All specimens have been deposited at the Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution,College of Life Sciences,Hubei University,Wuhan,China(CBEE).

摘要: A new species Guizygiella haoyangi Yao&Liu,sp.nov.(♂)is reported from Fujian Province,China,and a new record of G.salta(Yin&Gong,1996)in Jiangxi Province.Detailed morphological descriptions,photographs of the body and genitalia of these two species are provided.

摘要: A new pholcid spider species,Khorata qunzhen Yao&Liu,sp.nov.,is described from Tianmen Moun-tain,Yangxi Village,Geling Town,Yongtai County,Fuzhou City,Fujian Province.Photographs and distribution map of this species are provided in the present study.

摘要: A new species of the genus Sinacosa is described from Nangunhe Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China:S.nan-gunheensis sp.n.(♂♀).Morphological descriptions,photos and illustrations of copulatory organs are provided,and a key to the Sinacosa species is also provided.

摘要: 小五台等伪蝎ParobisiumaiaowutaicumGuo&Zhang,2016是河北省小五台山的一个特有物种,目前仅报道了雌性。本文基于采自模式产地的雄性标本,记述了小五台等伪蝎的雄性新发现,并提供了详细的形态描述和特征图片。

摘要: American foulbrood (AFB) disease, caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, is a devastating disease affecting honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations worldwide. Commonly treated with antibiotics, which have negative impacts on both honeybees and the environment, there is an urgent need for alternatives in AFB control. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gallic acid (GA) on honeybee larvae challenged with P. larvae spores and explore its modulation of larval microbiota. Our results demonstrated that in the presence of P. larvae spores, coadministration of 125 mu g/mL GA significantly increased the survival rate and body weight of honeybee larvae. Molecular docking analyses revealed that GA competitively binds to spore germination proteins YndE and GerM, with affinities comparable to L-tyrosine and stronger than uric acid, respectively, suggesting interference with P. larvae spore germination. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that GA treatment augmented bacterial diversity and enriched lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in honeybee larvae. Whole-genome sequencing of 2 LAB strains, Apilactobacillus kunkeei GL-2 and Enterococcus faecium GL-6, isolated from GA-treated larvae, unveiled their potential to produce antimicrobial secondary metabolites and bacteriocins, which may contribute to their competitive advantages against P. larvae. Notably, the E. faecium GL-6 strain possessed genes encoding gallate decarboxylase, enabling GA utilization, and 2 putative bacteriocinogenic genetic clusters for enterolysin A and enterocin L50 a/b. These findings suggest that GA and the GL-6 strain hold potential as preventive measures against AFB disease in honeybees through modulation of gut microbiota and competitive inhibition of P. larvae.

摘要: Respiration is a vital process essential for organism survival, with most terrestrial insects relying on a sophisticated tubular tracheal network. In the current study, a gene with repetitive sequence was identified within the silkworm genome. Designated as BmMuc91C, it contains a dozen repeated motifs PSSSYGAPX and GGYSSGGX in its sequence. BmMuc91C exhibits specific expression in the tracheal system of silkworm larvae, with significantly higher expression levels during the molting stage. Overexpression of BmMuc91C in individual silkworms resulted in a marked increase in tracheal diameter, particularly during the molting stage. Immunofluorescence staining using a BmMuc91C antibody revealed a noticeable thickening of the apical extracellular matrix in the trachea. Tensile testing confirmed a considerable enhancement in tracheal elasticity. Additionally, a BmMuc91C mutation strain of silkworms was generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 system. Although no significant differences were observed in the growth, development, and molting of BmMuc91C mutant silkworms, mechanical tests demonstrated a decrease in tracheal elasticity. Transcriptomic techniques revealed that a significant number of cuticular and chitin-binding proteins were among the differentially expressed genes between mutant and wild-type silkworms. Furthermore, the recombined BmMuc91C protein was successfully expressed using the Escherichia coli system. Cross-linking experiments with horseradish peroxidase demonstrated the formation of macromolecular complexes of BmMuc91C, which exhibited spontaneous luminescent properties under ultraviolet light. This research sheds light on the role of elastic proteins in insect tracheae and provides valuable insights for the development of elastic biomaterials.

摘要: Diapause is an adaptive strategy employed by insects to endure adverse environmental conditions and is characterized by reduced metabolic activity, primarily due to a decreased respiratory rate. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as an intracellular energy regulator, modulating energy metabolism in response to metabolic fluctuations. However, its role in pupal diapause of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, remains unclear. In this study, we found that AMPK and its active form, P-AMPK, are highly expressed in diapause-destined pupae. Furthermore, activation of AMPK delayed the development of nondiapause-destined pupae, suggesting a critical role for AMPK in the regulation of pupal diapause in H. armigera. Manipulating AMPK activity in H. armigera epidermal (HaEpi) cells and pupae significantly influenced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), which our laboratory previously reported as a key inducer of pupal diapause through the reduction of mitochondrial activity in H. armigera. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a shuttle protein phosphorylated by AMPK which translocates between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, was found to exhibit significantly higher expression in diapause-destined pupal brains compared to their nondiapause counterparts. AMPK in both HaEpi cells and pupae positively regulated the protein levels of P-HDAC4 by binding to the HDAC4 promoter. Additionally, HDAC4 was shown to enhance HIF-1 alpha expression in diapause-destined individuals. HDAC4 binds to and deacetylates heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and reduced acetylation of HSP70 was found to significantly elevate HIF-1 alpha protein levels. The AMPK-HIF-1 alpha signaling pathway appears to play a pivotal role in reducing mitochondrial activity and facilitating diapause induction in H. armigera pupae.