摘要: 面对捕食风险,贮藏植物种子的啮齿动物如何通过调整其贮藏行为,权衡捕食风险和贮食效益,需要深入研究。2006年9月,在北京东灵山地区,以黄鼬作为捕食风险源,在半自然围栏内比较了有无捕食风险源时,岩松鼠贮藏的核桃种子的状态,以及埋藏种子在实验围栏内的分布、微生境和搬运距离,以探讨捕食风险对岩松鼠贮藏种子行为的影响。结果表明,捕食风险源存在时,搬运和埋藏种子的比例都显著减少,弃置地表种子的比例无显著差异;埋藏于高风险区的种子比例减少,中风险区和低风险区的埋藏种子比例增加,但差异都不显著;位于裸地和草下的埋藏种子比例减少,位于墙基的埋藏种子比例增加,但差异都不显著;此外,埋藏种子的搬运距离也没有显著差异。可见,捕食风险源存在时,岩松鼠显著减少了搬运和埋藏种子的比例,但对埋藏种子时的埋藏区域和微生境选择,以及搬运距离无显著影响。差异不显著可能与围栏效应有关。

摘要: 为检验根田鼠对不同亲属关系异性成体尿气味的识别能力,通过一雄两雌配对实验建立实验种群,从而产生同胞、父系半同胞和陌生个体。在行为选择箱中记录了雌、雄根田鼠对亲属系数分别为0、0.25和0.5异性尿气味的行为响应模式。结果如下:雌性根田鼠对3种不同亲属关系雄鼠气味的接近潜伏期的差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),嗅闻时间的差异也达到显著水平(P<0.05),而嗅闻频次和反标记的差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。雄性根田鼠对3种不同亲属关系雌鼠气味的接近潜伏期和嗅闻时间的差异都未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。对不同亲属关系的气味嗅闻频次和反标记的比较分析表明,三者间的差异也未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。因此,雌性根田鼠能够识别不同亲属关系异性气味并对不同气味表现出不同的行为响应模式;而雄鼠不能识别3种气味并对其表现出类似的行为模式。

摘要: 为探讨栖息于横断山地区高山姬鼠的能量代谢特征,采用食物平衡法,在冷驯化条件下,对其能量收支进行了测定。分别测定了冷驯化(5±1℃,42d)过程中,高山姬鼠体重、体温、每日摄入能、消化能、消化率、粪便能及可代谢能、可代谢率的变化。结果表明:随着冷驯化时间的延长,高山姬鼠的体重和体温降低,28d时达到最低值后保持稳定,其中体重在冷驯化14d时即与对照组有显著差异,28d时平均比对照组降低了15.5%,体温在14d后和对照组有显著差异。每日摄入能、消化能、可代谢能升高,三者均在冷驯化14d后与对照组有极显著差异,21d时达到最高后保持稳定。粪便能、消化率和可代谢率在冷驯化过程中没有显著变化。高山姬鼠在冷暴露过程中,通过降低体重减少绝对能量需求;通过降低体温减少用于维持体温恒定所消耗的能量;通过增加能量摄入维持正常的生理机能。高山姬鼠在冷驯化过程中表现出的变化模式,与其低纬度、高海拔、年平均温度较低的生存环境有关,这在一定程度上反映了横断山区小型哺乳动物在低温胁迫下的生存机制和适应对策。

摘要: Four populations of Reed voles (Microtus fortis) were used to check genetic polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop by means of RFLP analysis. The PCR fragments of this region were digested with 15 restriction endonucleases: 10 with no variation and the other five including Eco T22I,Eco RV,Hap II,Hind III and Xba I, indicating polymorphisms among different individuals. Ten haplotypes were eventually recovered among sampled 40 individuals. The genetic divergence among these haplotypes ranged respectively from 0.0014 to 0.0168. All vole samples clustered into two distinct branches: Voles from Dongting Lake and some voles from Qingtongxia comprised one branch, and voles from Heilongjiang and the rests from Qingtongxia comprised the other branch. These findings suggested that the mtDNA D-loop region in this species provides informative variations for population research and phylogeography in the future.

摘要: To investigate differences of size and shape of skulls among rodent species and between male and female,we radiographed specimens and measured parameters of skulls of three species(Tscherskia triton,Cricetulus barabensis and Apodemus agrarius) collected from the Raoyang country,Hebei Province,China.The data was analyzed with MANOVA in general linear models by SPSS 13.0 for windows.The results showed that:The three rodent species were significantly different in SL,SW,GBS,FL,RBCL,RSL,RSW and RFL.SL,SW and GBS of Cricetulus barabensis were smaller than other two species.Tscherskia triton had dumpy skull according as the ratio of skull length and skull width was smallest among the three species.Male and female were different in SL,SW,RSW and RFL.Males were larger than female in many parameters of skull relative size.Species and sex factors had interaction effect on SL,GBS,GBS/SW and BCL/SW.The observed differences of skull size and shape among the three species and between genders can be used to distinguish the species and gender.