摘要: 通过观察产后2日(L2)、6日(L6)、10日(L10)、14日(L14)和20日(L20)的棕色田鼠母鼠对2日龄、6日龄、10日龄和14日龄非亲缘幼仔的攻击行为和衔回行为,探讨了哺乳期棕色田鼠的母性行为与非亲缘幼仔的发育(日龄或个体大小)及母鼠产后时间的关系。结果表明,在哺乳前期(L2,L6),非亲缘幼仔的日龄大小显著影响母鼠的攻击行为(P<0.05);在哺乳中期(L10,L14)及后期(L20),非亲缘幼仔的日龄对母鼠的攻击行为没有显著影响(P>0.05)。在整个哺乳期,母鼠对14日龄非亲缘幼仔的攻击频次最高(P<0.05)。产后不同时间的母鼠对同一日龄非亲缘幼仔的攻击频次没有显著差异(P>0.05)。这些结果表明,哺乳期内的棕色田鼠对非亲缘幼仔的攻击与幼仔的发育有关,与母鼠的产后时间无关。

摘要: Three specimens of Ochotona forresti were collected from southeastern Tibet in 1977 and 1979. After a careful study,considered to be a new subspecies of Ochotona forresti. It is described as follows: Ochotona forresti duoxionglaensis subsp. nov.Holotype: 1♂,NIPB 77139,adult,collected from Duoxiongla Mountain (elevation: 4 200 m),Motuo County,southeastern Tibet,August 27,1977 by Prof. Cai Guiquan.Paratypes: 2 ♀♀,NIPB 79072,adult,and NIPB 79071,subadult,collected from Bangzong valley (elevation: 4 100 m),Milin County,southeastern,Tibet,September 14,1979 by Prof. Wu Jiayan.Type specimens are deposited in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Museum of Biological Specimens,Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Diagnosis: Similar to Ochotona forresti osgoodi with larger bullae,(LAB 11.1-11.4 mm). Differences from other subspecies are as follows: O. f. duoxionglaensis is much bigger; greater skull length 40.7-41.4 mm; skull is much higher,height of skull 36.71%-37.0% of greater skull length; Long hairs in front of ears are white. Forehead is black and brown,and sides of the faces are drabble grey. From back to buttocks are deep black,and the sides of the body are light black.Remarks: Long hairs in front of the ears are white. Hairs inside ears are grey-white,back of ears chestnut,and edge of ear black and brown. Nape dark hoary grayish,belly and groin washed with buff,but middle of belly yellow. Fore and hind feet above grey,hind feet stouter. Fore claws longer than those of hind feet,terminal pads of toes blackish and not hidden by hair,conspicuous.Skull: Relatively large,GLS 40.7-41.4 mm.; Comparatively convex in superior profile,BCH/GLS about 36.71%-37.0%; Bullae large,LAB 11.1-11.4 mm; Palatal and incisive foramina completely confluent,like a gourd or violin. There are no small vacuities at the anterior end of frontals. Nasal bone short but broad. The orbits are much bigger,and its greatest inner length is much longer than length of diastema.Occurrence and habits: Found only in Motuo and Milin,southeastern Tibet. Habitats are in alpine shrub meadows,or in edge of forests.

摘要: 采用强制给药和自由取食2种方式,研究了雷公藤制剂对发育期成体雄性布氏田鼠不育作用,给药剂量分别为80mg/kg、120mg/kg和160mg/kg。结果表明,120mg/kg和160mg/kg剂量使睾丸脏器系数下降,但剂量组间差异不明显(F(3,21)=2.197,F0.05=3.07,P>0.05)。不同剂量能够对附睾中精子数量和活力产生显著影响(F(3,21)=17.305,F0.05=3.07,P<0.05),且随药物剂量的升高精子密度与精子活力均呈下降趋势。精子畸形率亦随药物剂量的增加而增加。80mg/kg及其更高的剂量使附睾出现萎缩并造成睾丸组织损伤。120mg/kg剂量可减少布氏田鼠平均胎仔数及降低繁殖率。给药后的繁殖后代未发现畸形幼仔。雷公藤制剂的最佳使用剂量介于120～160mg/kg。自由取食与连续强制给药两种方式对雄性布氏田鼠的作用差异不显著。

摘要: 本文采用胃内容物镜检分析法,对栖息于青藏高原矮嵩草草甸、垂穗披碱草草甸和杂类草草甸中的高原鼠兔的主要食物组成进行了比较分析,旨在探讨栖息地变化对高原鼠兔食物组成的影响,揭示高原鼠兔对栖息地变化的生存对策和适应性。研究结果表明:在矮嵩草草甸,高原鼠兔主要取食垂穗披碱草、早熟禾、蓝花棘豆和甘肃棘豆;在垂穗披碱草草甸,主要选择垂穗披碱草、甘肃棘豆、蓝花棘豆、矮嵩草和二柱头藨草;在杂类草草甸,喜食植物种类为垂穗披碱草、蓝花棘豆、甘肃棘豆、早熟禾、弱小火绒草、长茎藁本、兰石草和红花岩生忍冬。在整个植物生长季节,高原鼠兔在3种栖息地共取食27种植物,其中垂穗披碱草、甘肃棘豆和蓝花棘豆在不同栖息地中选择指数较高,为高原鼠兔优先选择的食物;在不同栖息地,高原鼠兔取食植物有差别,垂穗披碱草草甸为16种、矮嵩草草甸为22种,杂类草草甸为24种;喜食食物比例也存在着明显差别,在垂穗披碱草草甸,垂穗披碱草比例高达40.5%,在矮嵩草草甸,甘肃棘豆比例也达到23.7%,而在杂类草草甸,选食比例最高的兰石草仅为14.6%,说明在该草甸高原鼠兔食物选择呈现泛化趋势。相似性指数分析结果也表明,杂类草草甸中高原鼠兔主要食物组成与其它两种栖息地有较大的区别。从而说明当栖息地植物群落种类组成发生变化后,高原鼠兔可以通过改变其食物组成而适应新的栖息地。

摘要: 本文以我国特有的小型兽类高山姬鼠(Apodemus chevrieri)为例,探讨了其头骨特征在四川西部岷山、邛崃山、相岭及凉山等隔离山系中的异同。单因素方差分析结果表明,不同山系高山姬鼠头骨在多数形态指标上存在显著差异,多重比较结果显示出各山系间至少1至多个头骨量度存在显著不同。除此之外,多元判别分析进一步将69.7%的样本正确地判归各来源山系,表明各山系高山姬鼠种群已发生了显著分化。头骨样品地理距离与判断得分距离之间的显著性正相关说明高山姬鼠种群在四川西部不同山系的头骨分化可能与空间距离有密切的联系。本项研究揭示了在根据形态特征进行姬鼠属(Apodemus)内物种阶元的划分时,必须充分考虑性状特征可能存在的地理差异。