摘要: 基于Hennig支系系统原理,本研究分析并编码了分布于东南亚大陆5种长吻松鼠头骨及外形共计32个性状特征,运用Paup4.0b10软件构建上述5种的支系系统关系。结果显示:D.pyrrhomerus和D.rufigenis均为独立的有效种,D.lokriah是Dremomys中最早分化的类群,其次是D.pernyi;D.pyrrhomerus与D.rufigenis间的支系关系最近,D.gularis与他们构成姐妹群关系。基于上述支系系统关系,本研究尝试探讨了5种长吻松鼠的分化、分布与其环境演变的关系。

摘要: 限食通常会显著影响鼠类的营养及内分泌等生理指标,但限食后重喂食其生理指标是否能得以恢复尚不清楚。本文采取70%的限食水平,研究了限食及重喂食对雄性长爪沙鼠生理指标的影响。将雄性长爪沙鼠分为限食组、重喂食组和对照组。限食组先自由饮食4周,后70%限食4周;重喂食组先70%限食4周,后恢复自由饮食4周。对照组自由饮食8周。实验结束时,检测各组肥满度及血清白蛋白和总蛋白含量、血清甲状腺素T3和T4水平、睾酮和皮质醇含量等各项生理指标的变化。研究结果表明,4周限食显著降低了雄性长爪沙鼠的肥满度和血清甲状腺素T4含量,显著升高了其血液皮质醇含量;限食后重喂食4周后可使上述指标恢复或接近正常,但血清白蛋白含量比对照组低,其他指标与对照组无明显差异,长爪沙鼠的一些生理指标在限食重喂食后能得以恢复,但其内分泌调节可能存在新的变化,值得进一步研究。

摘要: 为研究建巢行为对室内繁育根田鼠的可能影响,共设计两个实验:(1)选择30对配对根田鼠分成两组,即15对建巢根田鼠(建巢组)和15对不建巢根田鼠(不建巢组),每对根田鼠提供5.3g左右的棉花作巢材,持续30d。记录两组有无实验动物时的巢内、巢上温度变化情况。(2)记录24窝后代的出生时体重、断奶时体重、杀婴的数量和日龄。结果表明,建巢组巢内温度显著高于不建巢组巢内温度,相反的是,建巢组的巢上温度比不建巢组的巢上温度低。两组间后代出生时的平均体重没有显著差异但断奶时的体重存在显著差异。而且,在2～14日龄间,建巢组和不建巢组雄性后代体重之间存在显著差异。建巢组的杀婴数量极显著低于不建巢组的杀婴数量。因此,建巢行为可以显著提高雄性后代的个体发育和后代的存活。

摘要: In order to investigate the effect of zedoary glucose injection on reproductive behavior in female mandarin voles(Microtus mandarinus),behavior focal sampling and immunohistochemistry methods were used to examine the relationships between behavior changes of female mandarin voles and estrogen receptor α immunoreactive neurons (ERα-IRs) in the ovary and in relevant brain regions after being fed with rabbit chow that was mixed with concentrations of 30 mg/kg zedoary glucose injection. Healthy adult female voles were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was fed with the mixed chow and carrot,and control group was fed with rabbit chow and carrot. Behaviors of the adult female voles were observed after being fed for 30 days. The numbers of litters of these adult female voles after mating with adult male voles was recorded,and meanwhile the number of ERα-IRs in the relevant brain regions was detected. The results showed that:during the period of intraspecies female-male interactions in a cage,the female voles in the experimental group displayed more escape behaviors,defensive behaviors,and hostile attacks than did those in the control group. In addition,the number of litters born to the female voles in the experimental group was significantly less than to the control group,and the incubation period of females in the experimental group was significantly prolonged. However,ERα-IR were not significantly different in the ovaries of the female voles in the experimental and control groups,and the number of ERα-IRs in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST),the medial amygdaloid nucleus (ME),the medial preoptic area (MPO) and the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH),in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group. There was no difference in the arcuate nucleus (ACR). In summary,zedoary glucose injection might affect reproductive behavior of female mandarin voles through changes in the number of the estrogen receptors α (ERα) in relevant brain regions.

摘要: To investigate the effects of the Male Sterile Preparation (MSP-1),an alcoholic male chemosterilant,on sperm count and sperm motility of the male plateau pika,40 adult male plateau pikas were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10/group) that received 0,20,40 or 60 mg/kg bw of MSP-1 (ig). The weight of body,testis,epididymis and the count,motility,malformation rate of sperm were analyzed after 19 days. The body,testis and epididymis weights were not significantly different (P>0.05) at any dose levels when compared with the control group. Sperm count,motility and survival rate were significantly decreased in the treated groups compared with the control group. The sperm deformity rates in the 40 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg groups were higher in than the control group. The sperm deformity rates in the 60 mg/kg group were significantly higher than in the control group with a significant difference (P<0.01). MSP-1 was produced sterility in plateau pika by reducing sperm count,motility,and increasing the rate of sperm deformity.