摘要: 利用顶空取样、溶剂解吸附和气质联用技术分析了黄鼬 (Mustelasibirica)肛腺分泌物的挥发性成分。鉴定出的六种化合物均为含硫的环状有机物 :(1) 2 ,2 -二甲基硫代环丁烷 ;(2 )顺或反 2 ,4 -二甲基硫代环丁烷 ;(3)反 - 2 ,3-二甲基硫代环丁烷 ;(4) 2 -乙基硫代环丁烷 ;(5 ) 2 -丙基硫代环丁烷 ;(6 ) 3,3-二甲基- 1,2 -二硫代环戊烷。尽管黄鼬肛腺成分的组成和鼬属其它种存在很大的相似性 ,但是成分组成的种间差异很明显。另外 ,2 -乙基硫代环丁烷仅存在于雌性黄鼬中。很多研究已经证明对鼠类有驱赶作用的 2 ,2 -二甲基硫代环丁烷和 2 -丙基硫代环丁烷在黄鼬肛腺分泌物同时存在 ,说明黄鼬肛腺分泌物对鼠类可能有很强的驱避作用。

摘要: 将雌性成体和雌雄亚成体大仓鼠 (Cricetulustriton)长期 (4周 )暴露给过量的黄鼬 (Mustelasibirica)肛腺分泌物 ,观察其行为和生理状态的变化 ,并通过与我们以前有关黄鼬气味对成年雄鼠影响的研究结果进行比较 ,表明黄鼬气味对不同性别和不同年龄大仓鼠的胁迫效应和生殖抑制存在差异。发现黄鼬气味对雌性大仓鼠的影响较雄性小 ,对亚成体的影响较成体小 ,这与雌性和未成年动物对各种胁迫因素的反应更敏感的普遍现象相反。在成年鼠中 ,雌雄鼠的攻击行为都受到黄鼬气味的抑制 ;但天敌气味使雌性的胁腺膨大 ,对胁腺标记和肾上腺大小无影响 ;成年雄鼠的肾上腺膨大 ,胁腺萎缩 ,标记减少。在亚成体中 ,除了雄性胁腺受到抑制(与成年雄鼠相同 )外 ,雌雄鼠的肾上腺和雌性的胁腺未受影响。亚成体实验鼠的体重都比对照组低 ,但成年鼠的体重未受影响。另外 ,与以往对其它鼠类的研究结果一致 ,天敌气味并不影响成年鼠的生殖器官 ,却抑制了未成年雄鼠的附睾和未成年雌鼠的子宫。这些差异可能和生理基础的性二态以及可能面临的被捕食风险大小有关

摘要: Coat characteristics of seasonal molting mammals reveal significant seasonal variation as an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal climate changes. However, the adaptive significance of such morphological variation has not yet been addressed. We analyzed seasonal variation of microscopic indices of hair and skin of adult Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica manchurica Brass) from the Tonghe forest area of the Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, Heilongjiang. Skins from 8 males and 8 females were collected from summer (July to September), and an additional 8 male and 8 females skins were collected from winter (November to December )(i.e., n=32). Morphological indexes included length and width of guard hair, cuticular scale patterns of guard hair, external and cross-section form of guard hair, and medullary characteristics. We found significant differences between winter and summer coat hair density, hair length, and proportion of medulla-absent part of guard hair. We discuss the adaptive mechanism of this seasonal variation.

摘要: Thirty Siberian weasels (Mustela Sibirica) (15 males and 15 females)were sampled from Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxing'an Mountains in winter. For each individual, 5 guard hairs from the mid-back and 5 upper-hairs from the hind-claw were collected and subjected to morphological examination of scale pattern using electron scanning microscopy. All the hairs were measured for indices including hair length, medulla length, hair follicle length, hair diameter, medulla diameter,and hair root diameter using biological microscope system H6303i, and then medulla length index (ratio of medulla length to hair length) and medulla index (ratio of medulla diameter to hair diameter) were calculated. The statistical results showed that the length of guard hairs from the mid-back was 33.50±0.52 mm in males and 28.85±0.28 mm in females, the average of medulla length index was 95.36% in males and 95.16% in females, and the average of medulla index was 79.41% in male and 80.68% in females. All these indices were significantly larger than those of upper-hairs from hind-claw (P<0.05). Such morphological structure characters of guard hairs from mid-back favor heat insulation properties and those of upper-hair from hind-claw enhance the function of protection.The for the upper-hair from the hind-claw, the hair follicle length was 0.91±0.05 mm in male and 0.79±0.10 mm in female, hair root diameter was 86.0±3.7μm in male and 71.9±3.1μm in female, the ratio of the length with irregular-wave scales and regular imbricate scales to the hair length is 100% in both male and female. All these indices were significantly larger than those of guard hairs from the mid-back (P<0.05) and such morphological structure characters enhance the function of protection further. The functional differentiation between guard hairs from mid-back and upper-hairs from hind-claw make the weasels more adaptable to a cold environment with complex vegetation form.

摘要: 仔兽出生以前,是在相对稳定而安全的母兽子宫内生活的,出生以后,仔兽的营养条件与环境温度即起了根本的变化。新生仔兽是如何适应新环境的?仔兽在新环境中的生活能力怎样?环境温度与食物条件对新生仔兽的存活率、生长与发育的影响如何?环境温度和聚群行为与能量代谢的关系怎样?这是一系列的基础理论问题,尤其是毛皮动物饲养业所关心的实际问题。