摘要: We s tudied seasonal habitat use of black muntjacs in the Jiulong Mount ain and Gutian Mountain Nature Reserves in Zhejiang Province, April 2002-Decembe r 2003 based on indirect sign (e.g., tracks, feces). We assumed that abun dance of sign functioned as a surrogate for intensity of use. During the 20-mon t h sampling period, we quantified 11 ecological factors in 141 sample plots. Black muntjac vegetation use varied significantly with season. Variati on in muntjac use of vegetation types were primarily related to seasonal changes of food resources and concealment conditions. Durin g spring, autumn and winter, muntjacs mostly used middle and lower portions of mountainsides, whereas they used upper portions of mountains during summer. Varying seasonal use of elevation mos t likely accounted for slope effects. We found no evidence of seasonal va riation in muntjac use of slope, aspect, rock exposur e, distance from water or level of human disturbance.

摘要: 20 0 1年10月至2 0 0 2年9月在海南大田国家级自然保护区采用直接观察和在不同生境类型分层抽样进行网捕的方法研究了保护区内赤麂种群的数量、年龄结构、群体大小和组成等。结果显示,赤麂主要生活在落叶季雨林和有刺灌丛中,种群数量为716 13±4 7 6 2只,种群密度为5 4 5±3 6只/km2 。该种群的年龄结构呈倒三角形,成体最多,占6 2 5 0 % ,亚成体占2 8 85 % ,幼体最少,占9 6 2 %。成年个体的雌雄性比是1 32∶1 0 0 ,亚成体为1 5 0∶1 0 0 ,幼体是1 5 0∶1 0 0。群平均大小为1 32只,其中独居个体最多,占总观察次数的6 8 31% ;2只群次之,占31 15 % ;3只群最少,占0 5 5 % ;没有观察到3只以上的群

摘要: The gene of 12S rRNA exhibits a high degree of conservation during animal evolution. Its sequence shows partial difference among species but little variation among individuals of the same species. Therefore, the 12S rRNA could be used to perform intra-and inter-specific identification studies. All the deer of genus Muntiacus become endangered due to excessive poaching and thus protected by Chinas Wildlife Protection Law at the national and provincial level. In this study, we employed the sequencing of 12S rRNA to identify two confiscated samples and found out that the two samples were Muntiacus crinifons and Muntiacus reevesi, respectively. The sequence of the 12S rRNA adopted in this study proved to be a suitable genetic marker for species identification of conservation animals.

摘要: 动物的活动节律是行为生态学中的一个重要内容,它主要研究动物在不同时间内的活动强度及变化规律(原宝东和孔繁繁,2011)。黑麂(Muntiacus crinifron)隶属偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)鹿科(Cervidae)麂属(Muntiacus),属国家一级保护动物,其分布范围十分狭小,目前该种群仅存于安徽、浙江、江西和福建4省,且栖息地成小种群岛屿状分布(盛和林,1987)。

摘要: 近年来,由于人类活动的干扰使黑麂的栖息地明显减少并呈斑块状分布。因此,深入了解该物种各地理分布种群的遗传现状是制定保护及管理策略的重要科学依据。本研究运用非损伤取样技术在浙江省九龙山国家级自然保护区的黑麂分布区共采集61份粪便样品、2份肌肉样品和2份皮张样品,采用8个特异微卫星位点对61份粪便样品中提取的DNA进行检测,肌肉和皮张样品DNA的检测结果作为对照,分析了九龙山国家级自然保护区黑麂种群的遗传多样性。经多次重复提取和PCR扩增后,发现61份粪便样本中有38份可被稳定扩增,且不同样本间的条带大小有较大差异,因此我们认为38份粪便样本来源于38只不同的黑麂个体。8个微卫星位点共检测到50个等位基因,平均等位基因数(A)为6(5～8);平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为5.297(4.031～6.353);平均期望杂合度(He)为0.817(0.763～0.855);平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.775(0.709～0.822)。8个位点的平均个体识别率(DP)为0.931,累积个体识别率(CDP)为0.9999。有1个微卫星位点(BM1706)极显著地偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P<0.01)。以上结果显示该分布区黑麂种群具有较高的遗传多样性。