摘要: The morphological characteristics of the winter hair and summer hair of northeast subspecies of red deer(Cervus elaphus xanthopygus), sampled from the buttock, upper part of hind leg, lower part of hind leg and site above hoof. The samples were dealt with one by one by using cuticular impression and made into cuticular impression plexiglass. The length, diameter, medullar diameter, medullar index, ratio of scale height to width of the hair were measured and calculated through micrometer. The results indicated that the structural characteristics of hairs varied with the season and the sites where they were sampled. Parameters including hair length, diameter, medullar diameter and medullar index of winter hairs were larger than that of summer hairs. It indicated that the winter hair can reserve more air in the medulla than the summer hairs. The structure of the hair on the buttock was observed identity to those on the back and body-sides in our previous studies. So the results above suggested that the coat hair possess the function of thermal regulation. From the buttock to the far end of hind legs, the medullary diameter, medullary index and the ratio of scale height to width of the winter hair showed a trend of gradient descent, indicating that the mechanical strength of hair increased in this order to resist the mechanical injuries that were more frequently happened on far end of legs than the central body. These results above suggested that the hair differentiated to be poly-morphological to fit corresponding functions.

摘要: 198 7年、1989～1991年四川梅花鹿产仔期,在四川省若尔盖县铁布自然保护区用耳缺法连续标记了111只(♂♂5 6 ,♀♀5 5 ) 3～10日龄的四川梅花鹿幼仔,根据野外对这批标记仔鹿生长、繁殖、死亡的观察数据编绘出四川梅花鹿的生命表、存活曲线、死亡曲线、种群自然增长率和繁殖价。这批标记仔鹿中,雄鹿和雌鹿的最大寿命分别为14岁和15岁;初生仔鹿的雌雄性比为1∶1,5～6岁时雌雄性比为3∶1;雌鹿最早的产仔年龄为3～4岁,最晚产仔年龄为11～12岁;雄鹿最早在4～5岁时拥有雌鹿,10～11岁以后就都失去了曾占有的雌鹿群。雄鹿2～3岁时期望寿命最大为5 111,雌鹿1～2岁时期望寿命最大为6 14 8。雌鹿的存活曲线接近于Odum有关存活曲线的A型,雄鹿的存活曲线属B型。净生殖率、种群自然增长率和平均世代时间分别为1 2 2 8、0 0 31和7 0 15。雌鹿3～4岁时的繁殖价最高。

摘要: 20 0 3年 2月至 4月间 ,在海南甘什岭自然保护区采用瞬时扫描取样法对 10头海南坡鹿幼体昼间行为时间分配和活动节律进行了初步研究。结果表明 :坡鹿幼体昼间行为时间分配中摄食、卧息和反刍占有较大的比例 ;人工圈养和半散放条件下摄食、卧息、反刍、站立和运动行为的昼间时间分配差异性显著 (P <0 0 1) ,半散放条件下幼鹿每天用于摄食和运动的时间比人工圈养的多 ,而用于卧息、反刍和站立的时间较少 ,其余行为时间比较接近 ;在昼间活动节律方面 ,圈养条件下摄食有 3个高峰期 (0 9:0 0～ 10 :0 0 ,11:0 0～ 12 :0 0 ,16 :0 0～18:0 0 ) ,卧息有 2个高峰期 (10 :0 0～ 11:0 0 ,13:0 0～ 16 :0 0 ) ;半散放条件下没有明显的摄食高峰期 ,主要原因是大部分时间花费在食物的搜索和处理上 ,而其卧息高峰出现在 14 :0 0以后

摘要: 1997年4月,在四川铁布自然保护区用直接观察法对220头次四川梅花鹿群的昼夜活动节律和时间分配进行了观察。结果表明,鹿群春季昼夜活动的规律性较强。白昼,鹿群活动呈现明显的双峰型,2个高峰时段为08:30和19:30前后,活动频率分别为71 9%和94 13%,其他时间多处于休息状态;鹿群夜间活动强于昼间,活动频率均在61%以上,仅在半夜01:30前后有一个相对不活跃期。同时发现,春季活动高峰期约90%的活动时间被四川梅花鹿用于采食和移动。这可能与光照、食物及人类活动的影响有关。

摘要: 新疆马鹿塔里木亚种高度适应荒漠生境,自20世纪50年代以来,由于自然和人为因素的影响,种群数量急剧下降。栖息地退缩和片段化不仅导致种群遗传多样性的丧失,而且也因遗传漂变和近亲繁殖,不断地加剧了该亚种的濒危程度。为有效的保护该物种,特提出可行的保护措施建议。