摘要: 2018年5-10月在河南鸡公山国家级自然保护区内开展了昆虫多样性调查工作,共采集到昆虫2 110头,分别隶属于15目106科880种。其中以鳞翅目Lepidoptera(274种)、鞘翅目Coleoptera(206种)、半翅目Hemiptera(185种)和膜翅目Hymenoptera(89种)为主,种数占比分别为31.14%、23.41%、21.02%和10.11%,其他类群(共126种)占14.32%。9种不同植被类型中昆虫群落多样性分析结果表明:针阔混交林、阔叶混交林、灌草丛和马尾松林中昆虫群落多样性的各项指标均较高,落羽杉林和杉木林次之,草甸、水生植被和竹林最低。在区系组成上,古北种昆虫最丰富,有372种,占总数的42.26%;其次是东洋种,有269种,占30.57%;广布种最少,有239种,占27.15%。在昆虫群落相似性方面,总体上两种混交林与其他森林类型的相似性较高,而竹林、草甸和水生植被与其他森林类型的相似性较低。

摘要: 伪鞘榕小蜂Sycoscapter trifemmensis是一种寄生于鸡嗉子榕间花期榕果的专性寄生蜂,雌雄两性繁殖策略分化明显,为更好理解和诠释雌蜂寄主定位和雄蜂配偶识别机制,有必要对两性的触角感器进行观察。运用环境扫描电镜观察,对比和探讨了伪鞘榕小蜂雌雄成虫的触角和触角感器类型、分布、数量及其生态适应性。结果表明:雌蜂触角鞭节由11鞭小节组成,总长817.82±33.23μm,分布有毛形感器、刺形感器(类型1)、锥形感器(类型1)、多孔板形感器(类型1)、栓锥形乳突状感器5类5种;雄蜂触角鞭节仅由6鞭小节组成,全长为雌蜂的1/3,且各节有明显的缩短和增粗特征,着生感器包括毛形感器、刺形感器(类型2和类型3)、锥形感器(类型1和类型2)、多孔板形感器(类型2)、腔锥形感器5类7种。雌蜂触角感器的数量与分布显著高于雄蜂,且同类型感器在雌蜂上具有明显的延伸、增粗、分支的特征,以板形感器和锥形感器最为突出。伪鞘榕小蜂雌雄成虫的触角及其感器有明显的性二型,特别是与化学信息识别相关的感器,反映了雌雄蜂在不同生态环境和繁殖压力下的形态分化、行为策略和生态适应。

摘要: 为了探讨鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时饲料氨基酸的平衡性以及外源氨基酸的添加方式与凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分、血浆游离氨基酸及肌肉氨基酸含量的关系,本试验采用2×6因子试验设计进行了为期56d的饲养试验。2个饲料蛋白质水平分别为40%和32%,6个饲料处理分别为鱼粉组(对照组)、鸡肉粉组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA+晶体NEAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA+包被NEAA组,配制12组饲料。将凡纳滨对虾(0.30±0.01)g随机分配到36个圆桶(150 L)中,每桶30尾,每3个桶为一个处理组,饲喂一种饲料,每天饱食投喂三次。在每一饲料蛋白质水平下,无论是补充晶体氨基酸(CAA)组还是包被氨基酸组对虾的增重率均显著高于鸡肉粉组(P<0.05),且在32%蛋白质水平下,包被EAA组对虾增重率达到了鱼粉组水平(P>0.05);补充晶体EAA+NEAA组对虾增重率与补充晶体EAA组无差异(P>0.05),但均显著低于补充包被氨基酸组(P<0.05);补充包被EAA组对虾增重率显著高于补充包被EAA+NEAA组(P<0.05)。饲料系数的变化正好与增重率变化相反(P<0.05)。饲喂高蛋白质水平饲料较之饲喂低蛋白质饲料明显提高对虾增重率、虾体蛋白含量(P<0.05),但降低虾体脂肪含量(P<0.05)。包被氨基酸组凡纳滨对虾血浆游离氨基酸含量总体显著低于CAA组(P<0.05)。除谷氨酸、甘氨酸以及脯氨酸外,各组对虾肌肉氨基酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,在32%饲料蛋白质水平下,用鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时,饲料中补充包被EAA可明显促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,且达到了鱼粉组的饲喂效果。

摘要: A large quantity of animal bones were unearthed at the Neolithic Guantaoyuan site in Baoji city,Shaanxi province,China.These faunal remains were systematically collected according to the archaeological units at the site,and at least 26 species have been identified.The skulls of Rhinopithecus roxellana have been unearthed for the first time from ash pits,dating to the pre-Yangshao culture-the Lower Beishouling phase(7300-7000BP.)and the Guantaoyuan type(7500-7300BP.).This discovery also marks the northernmost distribution of this species in China.This article discusses the significance of the discovery in archaeology and animal evolution.

摘要: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is the main pathogen of chicken infectious anemia (CIA). It is widespread all over the world and becomes one of the main pathogens affecting poultry industry seriously. CAV genome contains three partially overlapped genes, vp1, vp2 and vp3, which encode three kinds of proteins, VP1, VP2 and VP3, respectively. VP1 related to its antigenicity is the only capsid protein of CAV; VP2 might act as a scaffold protein to help VP1 form correct conformation; and VP3, also named apoptin, is related to the pathogenicity of CAV, and is proved by some experimental data to have low acute toxicity and is effective as an anti-tumor agent. According to the molecular biological progression of CAV research, three questions reviewed in this paper are (1) the classification status of CAV, (2) CAV genomic structure, and (3) the encoded proteins (VP1, VP2 and VP3) of CAV genome. Ref 31