摘要: 确定溪流鱼类群落的时空格局及其形成机制是开展鱼类物种多样性保护和管理的科学基础。该文于2012年5月和10月两次对秋浦河源国家湿地公园境内的24个可涉水河段取样,共采集鱼类29种,隶属10科4目。研究了溪流鱼类群落结构及其多样性的时空格局,并解析了局域栖息地条件与支流空间位置变量对鱼类群落的影响。鱼类多样性的时空变化显著,鱼类多样性总体上为二级溪流高于一级溪流,10月份高于5月份。流量量级、底质粗糙度及异质性、水温和水深等对鱼类多样性及群落结构的空间变化影响显著。鱼类群落结构符合嵌套格局,季节动态不显著,上游鱼类群落呈现为下游群落的嵌套子集。一、二级溪流间的群落结构尽管存在部分重叠但差异显著,且这种差异主要源于稀有花鳅(Cobitis rarus)、吻虾虎鱼(Ctenogobius spp.)、宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、尖头鱥(Phoxinus oxycephalus)、高体鰟鲏(Rhodeus ocellatus)和原缨口鳅(Vanmanenia stenosoma)等鱼类相对多度的空间变化,其中,除尖头鱥的多度在一级溪流中更高外,其他5种鱼类均在在二级溪流更高。

摘要: As representative member of low class vertebrate and aquatic ecosystem, fishes have high breeding ability with eggs external tertilized and transparent embryos developing synchronously outside the mother. They are used in researches of embryology, enetics, aquatic toxicology, behavioral science and environmental science.Ever since George using experimental gynogenesis method was published in nature in 1981,zebra fish, medaka and other fishes became favorite laboratory animals and played more and more important roles in the studies of genetics and environmental science. In 1990s,Chinese researchers began studying on rare minnow, swordtail, red crucian carp and other fishes as laboratory animals; consequently, a professional subgroup of Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences named Society of Experimental Aquatic Animal was set up in 2001 to promote researcher in this area. Rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus , is a small cyprinid fish. Distributing in Hanyuan, Shimian Shuangliu, Dqjiangyan, Pengzhou County in Sichuan province, it is one of the endemic fishes in west China. In order to use rare minnow as laboratory animal, scientists of Institute of Hydrobiology belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)have done a series of investigation from1990.These works refer to its geographical distribution, habitat, morphology, taxonomy, reproduction, ontogenesis, growth,food,semitiviqto ecological factors, karyotype, isozymes, breed and care, anaesthesia,production of inbred strain, and soon. Rare minnow has been inbred to 20th generation at present, and guidelines for the laboratory culture and care of the fish have been made. This implies the time we produce and use rare minnow as standard animal model is near. As a new laboratory animal, rare minnow has the flowing attributes:(1) The ash is small with adult total length 38 to 85mm,and it is easy to care for.(2) Some individuals get mature when they are 3 months old under favorite culture, and can spawn when they are 4 months old. The generation time is only 4 months.(3) Spawning occurs when water temperature ranges from 14 to 30 degree of centigrade, thus it is easy to obtain eggs in my season in the laboratory.(4) Rare minnow is a continuous batch spawner. Mature females lay several hundred eggs at interval of a few days (mode 4days). This ensures researchers can get large number of eggs spawn by the same female in a shod period.(5) The eggs are adherent and transparent with diameter 1.25 to 1.70mm, which are larger than eggs of zebra fish or medaka. Embryogenensis and organogenesis can be monitored microscopically, and it is feasible to transplant nuclear or othertechnical operate.(6) Development is normal between 13 and 30 degree of centigrade.It is possible to control the speed of ontogenesis by adjusting temperature.(7)The fish has high adaptability to temperature, high CO 2 and low dissolved oxygen. There are 51 literatures on rare minnow presently. Eighteen of them are about biological background or taxonomy, and the other thirty three are papers about using this fish as experimental animal. In complete statistic shows rare minnow has been used in studies on fish disease, genetics, environmental science, embryology, physiology and ecology in more than 10 universities or research institutions in China. Wang Tiehui et al proved that rare minnow is susceptible to Hemorrhagic Virus of Grass Carp (GCHV)L ,suggested the ash may serve as a model of the virus resistance breeding of grass carp 3 with biotechnique methods. Using rare minnow as experimental fish instead of grass carp, investigators overcomes the difficulties brought by big body size, long generation time, short reproductive season, hard to care for and discommodious to obtain research materials, and hence it accelerates the course of the virus resistance breeding. In environmental science research area, many experiments indicated that rare minnow is a suitable test organism for determining toxicity of chemicals and water samples because the fish is very sensitive to heavy metals, pestici

摘要: 为掌握龙羊峡水库外来鱼类组成现状、生态风险及高风险外来鱼类的潜在分布区,从而制定针对性的防控对策。本研究于2023年5、9、12月及2024年5、7月对龙羊峡水库及其周边黄河流域开展了系统野外实地考察,结合既有文献资料,系统梳理了该水库当前的鱼类组成特征及外来鱼类的生态类型,并采用AS–ISK工具对其外来鱼类进行了风险等级评估。同时以典型外来鱼类池沼公鱼作为研究对象,采用MaxEnt模型预测其在龙羊峡水库流域的潜在地理分布。结果显示:(1)本研究实地调查共采集到21种鱼类,隶属于4目6科16属,其中外来鱼类11种; IRI指数结果显示优势种鱼类有6种,其中外来鱼类占4种分别为:鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)。(2)生态矩阵因子结果显示,外来鱼类主要以端位口(R=0.64)、产黏性卵(R=0.91)、杂食性(R=0.72)和底栖生活(R=0.45)为主,且大多数为定居性(R=0.73),适应静缓水环境(R=0.91)。(3) AS–ISK评估结果显示,高、中、低风险鱼类分别为5、2和4种,风险最高的5种鱼类依次为池沼公鱼、麦穗鱼、鲤、虹鳟、鲫。与历史数据对比并结合天气变化预测,外来鱼类种类将呈现持续增加的趋势。(4) MaxEnt模型的预测结果显示,池沼公鱼高风险分布区域主要集中在龙羊峡库区、刘家峡库区及两库区之间的黄河流域,龙羊峡水库库尾及以上为低风险区域。研究结果显示重点防范物种为池沼公鱼,重点防范区域为龙羊峡库区库尾,此结果可为黄河渔业高质量绿色发展提供数据支持和理论参考。

摘要: 计算机X射线断层扫描技术(X-ray Micro Computed Tomography;简称“显微CT”)作为一种三维无损成像技术,凭借高分辨率解析样本内部结构并进行定量分析的能力,在医学、生物学等多领域发挥重要作用。本文首先阐述了显微CT的结构组成、成像原理及实验流程,包括样本前处理、参数设置、数据重建与数据分析等主要环节;其次,系统综述了显微CT技术在鱼类研究中的应用进展,涵盖斑马鱼全鱼组织结构建模、骨骼(脊椎骨、头骨、咽颚部、牙齿等)结构与进化、肺的进化、耳石特征、心血管发育、皮肤和脂肪组织分析、生殖发育追踪及重金属积累分布等多个方面,展示了其在鱼类组织定性定量研究中的独特优势;最后,指出了当前显微CT在鱼类软组织成像中存在的染色特异性不足等问题,并对未来技术发展方向及应用前景进行了展望,为推动显微CT技术在鱼类学研究中的深入应用提供参考。

摘要: 本文研究了高密度养殖下不同空间大小对草鱼生理状态和生长的影响。本研究在室内工厂化循环水养殖系统中设置两个养殖空间组,分别为小空间组（Small stocking space, SSS）和大空间组（Large stocking space,LSS）,体积分别为0.47和2.98 m³,每个实验组设置3个平行缸,初始密度均为20 kg/m³,实验时长10周。结果表明,在同等养殖密度下,较大的养殖空间能够显著提高草鱼的增重率和特定生长率,显著降低饲料系数。LSS组草鱼生长相关基因ghrh、gh、igf-1、igf-2、igf-1r表达水平显著上调,血清生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子2（IGF-2）水平均显著升高。与SSS组相比, LSS组的肌纤维直径显著增加,肌纤维密度显著降低, PI3K/AKT/TOR通路相关基因（pi3k、akt1、mtor、s6k1）表达水平显著上调, AKT1和TOR的磷酸化水平显著升高。LSS组草鱼下丘脑-垂体-肾间组织（HPI）轴相关基因显著下调,脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、血清促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和血清皮质醇的含量均显著低于SSS组。研究表明,较大的养殖空间能够下调HPI轴活性,缓解高密度养殖环境中草鱼的应激状态,并通过上调GH/IGFs轴和PI3K/AKT/TOR信号通路保障草鱼的生长。