摘要: 目的比较三个品系小型猪对高糖高脂饲料诱发Ⅱ型糖尿病模型的敏感性,为我国小型猪在Ⅱ型糖尿病研究中的应用提供基础资料。方法4～5月龄巴马小型猪、五指山小型猪和中国农大小型猪各6头,以4头中国农大小型猪为对照,同步开展高糖高脂饲料喂养试验,试验周期8个月。每月称1次体重,测定血糖、血清胰岛素含量,每2个月进行1次静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT),测定脂质代谢相关指标。结果巴马小型猪和五指山小型猪对高糖、高脂饲料比较敏感,在饲喂5～6个月后,开始出现糖代谢异常,表现为显著肥胖、血清胰岛素升高和胰岛素敏感性下降。至实验后8个月,巴马小型猪和五指山小型猪各有1头发展为糖尿病,分别有3头和2头出现糖尿病前期症状。中国农大小型猪对高糖高脂饲料诱发糖尿病相对不敏感,实验期间空腹血糖水平、血清胰岛素含量、胰岛素敏感指数和IVGTT一直无显著变化,仅在实验后7个月开始表现肥胖,8个月出现胰岛素敏感性减低。三个品系小型猪在高糖高脂饲喂后,血脂相关指标(TG,CHO,HDL-C,LDL-C)普遍升高,以巴马小型猪升高幅度最大。结论巴马小型猪和五指山小型猪对高糖、高脂饲料诱发Ⅱ型糖尿病比较敏感,品系内个体差异较大。中国农大小型猪相对不敏感。这一结果为进一步的Ⅱ型糖尿病相关基因分析和高敏感家系培育研究提供了基础资料。

摘要: As the genome sequencing of human and other species is complete, a major task in life science is to elucidate biological functions of thousands of genes. Life cycle of human and animals starts from single fertilized eggs that will develop step by step into sophisticated organisms consisting of multiple tissues and organs. During embryogenesis, genes are expressed sequentially according to inherent programs and gene products function coordinately, which determine and actualize the body plan. Functional genomics of embryos can be accelerated if an appropriate model animal is exploited. Zebrafish is an excellent model for such a study. The natural advantages of Zebrafish include high production of eggs, external development of embryos, small size and easy maintenance. In addition, many molecular, cellular, embryonic and genetic operations can be done easily in zebrafish. Two approaches, forward and reverse genetics, have been widely used to study gene functions during development of zebrafish embryos. The forward genetics is to identify genes from mutants created by mutagenesis with chemical mutagens, γ ray and recombinant retrovirus. More than 4,000 mutants with various embryonic defects have been generated and about 500 genes responsible for mutant phenotypes have been identified. The mutagenesis in zebrafish has revealed some important mechanisms controlling development of vertebrate embryos. With respect to reverse genetics approach, over 3,000 tissue specific genes have been identified through whole mount in situ hybridization screen. The functions of some of these genes during embryogenesis have been studied in details.

摘要: 斑马鱼作为一种常用的实验模式生物,在生物学和医学的许多研究领域得到了广泛应用。然而,国内外对于其病害的研究极少。分枝杆菌病是实验斑马鱼的常见病,危害最大,约占其总病例数的20%。斑马鱼对分枝杆菌具有天然的敏感性,因此该菌对实验斑马鱼构成了巨大的威胁,影响了许多重要的科学实验。本文从病原的种类,生物学特性,疾病的症状,诊断方法和病原检测技术以及控制等方面对斑马鱼的分支杆菌病进行了介绍,希望能引起人们足够的重视,并能积极的展开相关研究。

摘要: 斑马鱼是目前国际上用于实验研究最广的鱼类,但是鱼类实验动物尚未实现实验动物的标准化,甚至还没有国家或地方统一的技术标准。本研究收集、分析整理了实验用斑马鱼的主要疾病以及培育饲养实验用斑马鱼所面临的生物净化问题的资料及数据,为我国鱼类实验动物标准的制订和标准化鱼种群的建立及其质量控制与评价提供技术依据。

摘要: 目的设计一套实验鱼的质量控制实验,将两组不同健康状况实验鱼暴露于同一化学污染压力下,比较两者不同的压力响应,同时对现行的实验用鱼质量控制要求的适宜性进行分析与讨论。方法采用OECD 203鱼类急性毒性实验方法,以重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)作为实验鱼质量控制实验的参比样品,分别将健康斑马鱼(HZ)和生病斑马鱼(SZ)暴露于不同浓度灭多威(Methomyl)的水溶液中96 h。记录24 h4、8 h7、2 h和96 h的死亡率。确定96 h鱼类死亡50%的受试物浓度,半数致死浓度用96 h-LC50表示。结论在96 h的实验周期中,健康斑马鱼的K2Cr2O724h-LC50为323.38 mg/L,Methomyl 96 h-LC50为4.91 mg/L;病鱼K2Cr2O724 h-LC50为302.55 mg/L,Methomyl 96 h-LC50为3.04 mg/L。说明两种斑马鱼虽然都符合K2Cr2O724 h-LC50在200～400 mg/L之间的实验用鱼质控要求,但两种健康状态的鱼对于同一化学污染压力下的96 h-LC50却有较显著差异。