摘要: 20 0 3年 9月 8日 ,在云南省红河州弥勒县白龙洞 (2 4°12′N ,10 3°2 1′E)获得一号蝙蝠标本 ,雄性 (共捕捉和测量了 7个此种蝙蝠的个体 ,但鉴于数量稀少 ,故仅保留一只个体用来制作标本 ,其余测量后放飞 ) ,经鉴定为马氏菊头蝠 ,为中国新记录。本文给出了这种蝙蝠的特征描述和相关测量数据 ,并对这种蝙蝠的分布进行了分析。标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所

摘要: There are 7 species of pangolin in the world. This paper dealt with the measurement of some morphology indices in Manis petadactyla and Manis javanica. Measured variables included the body weight, the total body length, the length of head and body, the length of tail, the length of protruding rim of external ear, the length of hind feet, the length of middle claws of fore feet, the length of middle claws of hind feet, the number of rows of scales round mid-body, the number of single flank scales of edge tail. All variables measured were compared respectively between this 2 species. The results indicated that: (1) there were no significant differences in body weight and length of hind feet between this 2 species, but differences in the other variables were extremely significant. (2) The ratio of the length of middle claws of hind feet and fore feet in Manis pentadactyla was less than 1/2 (n=48), while Manis javanica was more than 1/2 (n=15); the length of protruding rim of external ear in Manis pentadactyla was over 10 mm (n=38), whereas Manis javanica was under 10 mm (n=13); the number of single flank scales of edge tail in Manis pentadactyla was not beyond 21 (n=65), and Manis javanica exceeded 21 (n=14). So the ratio of the length of middle claws of hind feet and fore feet, the length of protruding rim of external ear, and the number of single flank scales of edge tail should be regard as distinctive features and taxonomic indices between this 2 species. (3) The relationships between body weight (Y) and the total body length, the length of head and body, the length of tail (X) were positive correlation, and satisfied relation equation Y=aX~b.

摘要: 新疆马鹿塔里木亚种高度适应荒漠生境,自20世纪50年代以来,由于自然和人为因素的影响,种群数量急剧下降。栖息地退缩和片段化不仅导致种群遗传多样性的丧失,而且也因遗传漂变和近亲繁殖,不断地加剧了该亚种的濒危程度。为有效的保护该物种,特提出可行的保护措施建议。

摘要: 全球共有7种穿山甲。本文报道的是中国穿山甲和马来穿山甲的头骨形态学资料,涉及头骨特征描述和一些形态学指标测定。被测定的指标主要有颅全长、基底长、腭长、眶间宽、后头宽、鼻骨长、鼻骨宽、脑颅高、听泡长和下颌长,并且在这两个物种之间进行了比较。结果表明,(1)这两个物种头骨形态十分相似,但马来穿山甲头骨细长,听泡长小于10mm(n=12),鼻骨狭长,前后部宽窄相似,两鼻骨外侧缘内凹或平行,鼻骨宽长之比值小于0 3000(0 2025～0 2811,n=12);而中国穿山甲头骨较粗短,听泡长大于11mm(n=46),鼻骨宽短,后部较前端宽,外侧缘外凸,鼻骨宽长之比值大于0 3000(0 3154～0 5325,n=33)。这些异同之处,可以作为区分这两个物种的依据。(2)中国穿山甲华南亚种与海南亚种头骨各变量之间的差异不显著(P>0 05),用颅全长是否大于83mm来区分这两个亚种不能成立,但海南亚种头骨上颌骨的颧突和鳞骨的颧突通常越过眶颞窝完全相接触,如果不是这样,则在它们之间有一个小的骨质棒状结构将它们连接起来。

摘要: 马麝是我国的一种重要经济动物,是古北界特有种,主要分布在我国青藏高原及其临近地区。为保护物种多样性,本文利用分子生物学技术在分子水平探讨了马麝各地理种群之间遗传多样性问题。用线粒体细胞色素b(Cytochromeb)的DNA序列进行系统进化分析显示:马麝四川种群、甘肃种群和西藏两种群在大约100万年前具有共同祖先。四川种群最先分化出来,甘肃马麝与西藏马麝的关系最近,四川马麝与西藏马麝、甘肃马麝间的关系较远,甘肃马麝与四川马麝约在80万年前分化,而甘肃与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝间分化时间则分别为34万年和57万年前,四川马麝与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝分化时间在90万年和100万年前。结果初步表明分布于甘肃、四川和西藏的马麝种群可能为不同的亚种。