摘要: 运用三维空间中的家域模型及其计算分析方法，结合全球定位系统和电子计算机计算技术，讨论了西藏东南部地区马麝的家域形态、面积及其不同性别与季节的差异。马麝的家域近圆形，不同时间它们虽有沿海拔高度的垂直迁移现象，但整个活动中心变化不大。夏季时，马麝的家域面积较小，进入秋冬季节则显著增加；其中，无性别特异性的普遍增加与秋冬季节的食物减少有关，而不同性别的变化比例差异与繁殖活动相联系。

摘要: We analyzed 254 deaths caused by diseases in captive Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) from 1998 to 2005 at the Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm,Gansu.Among the eight categories of diseases,respiratory system diseases had the highest incidence rate of 26.8%, followed by motor system diseases (16.5%), digestive and nutritive diseases (14.6%), unidentified diseases (14.2%),cardiovascular system diseases (13%),urinary system diseases (9.8%),nervous system diseases (3.5%), and reproductive system diseases (1.6%).The percentages of dead males were higher than those of the females for deaths caused by digestive system and nutritive diseases(♂62.2%),cardiovascular system diseases (60.6%), nervous system diseases (66.7%), unidentified diseases (61.1%), and particularly the urinary system diseases (up to 84%), and the male to female ratio of deaths caused by all the diseases was (♂∶♀) 1∶0.76, showing a male-skewed mortality. The mortality of newborn and fawns was relatively high, and the percentage of deaths in one-and two-year-old deer was 51.6% of the total, but those decreased with deer age. The relationship between the economic benefit in the farming of musk deer and the prevention of diseases were discussed. Finally, we offered a strategy to control the incidence of diseases by regarding the musk deer as a solitary species.

摘要: The annual musk production of captive alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster)in Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm(E103°50′-104°10′,N35°38′-58′), Gansu, from 1996 to 2007, were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The average musk production from 507 individuals was 8.8 g, with the highest 22.6 g and lowest 1.0 g; (2) The musk production of 76.9% individuals was within the range of 5-15 g;(3)The average musk production from 1.5 year group was the highest 10.3 g among all age groups, which might have resulted from the well-breeding to the young;(4) The distribution of the annual musk production since 1998 appeared to be a typical wave-shaped curve; (5)The average musk production (8.8 g) was lower than those reported by the other farms, and the main cause was probably the unbalanced rations,and (6) The annual average musk production (above 12 g) and harvest times (above 7 times) of a few individuals were relatively high, and it was suggested that the breeding program of musk deer should be emphasized in the future.

摘要: 马麝是我国的一种重要经济动物,是古北界特有种,主要分布在我国青藏高原及其临近地区。为保护物种多样性,本文利用分子生物学技术在分子水平探讨了马麝各地理种群之间遗传多样性问题。用线粒体细胞色素b(Cytochromeb)的DNA序列进行系统进化分析显示:马麝四川种群、甘肃种群和西藏两种群在大约100万年前具有共同祖先。四川种群最先分化出来,甘肃马麝与西藏马麝的关系最近,四川马麝与西藏马麝、甘肃马麝间的关系较远,甘肃马麝与四川马麝约在80万年前分化,而甘肃与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝间分化时间则分别为34万年和57万年前,四川马麝与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝分化时间在90万年和100万年前。结果初步表明分布于甘肃、四川和西藏的马麝种群可能为不同的亚种。

摘要: 本研究在甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区马麝繁育场展开,分别于2012年7月和2013年8月,针对374只圈养马麝,采用基于量表的个性评价法进行评价调查。结果表明:可建立包含17个个性项目的圈养马麝个性量表,因子分析显示每个项目公因子方差和载荷均大于0. 4,各因子累计贡献率为60. 33%,表明此量表具有较好的结构效度。此外Cronbach’sα系数为0. 787,表明量表具有较高的内部一致性信度,量表设计合理;因子分析和聚类分析结果显示,可将圈养马麝划分为五大个性维度:侵略性、社会性、刻板性、温顺性、活跃性。研究发现,圈养马麝个性维度与野生个体的个性类型划分存在差异,主要是受圈养条件和人为干扰等影响。圈养马麝个性量表和五大个性维度的建立对指导马麝繁育管理具有重要实践价值,填补了马麝个性研究的空缺,并为进一步进行麝类动物个性研究奠定了基础。另外,此类个性层次研究方法具有较好区分度,可为其他动物个性的初期研究提供参考。