摘要: 作者于1989,1992,2001和2003年,从长江铜陵江段共捕获24头长江江豚,在长江干流水域中,用不同的围养方式做摄食行为的观察,累计88d。结果表明,野外捕获的长江江豚对人工投喂有3种适应行为:(1)拒食行为;(2)警戒行为;(3)摄食行为。长江江豚的平均拒食天数为2.4d,其中成年江豚拒食达3d,而未成年江豚仅拒食1.5d,两者差异极为显著(P<0.01)。在冬季和春季圈养试验中,长江江豚的日食量随时间呈上升趋势,冬春季差异显著(P<0.01)。第2周后江豚警戒行为所用时间不足3min,但持续时间较长。根据冬季观察,7周后长江江豚在40min内所摄取的食量不足体重的7%,推测其摄食行为仍处在适应调整阶段。

摘要: 本文记录了一例患急性铜绿假单胞菌肺炎的长江江豚诊断、治疗和预后观察过程。病原学鉴定采用鲜血琼脂平板对该江豚鼻腔拭子,在37℃下进行细菌需氧、厌氧培养和分离,并对所分离的细菌种类进行细菌学鉴定,结合血常规和血生化的检测结果,判定病原为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa,PA)。依据病原菌的药敏试验结果对患病江豚进行治疗,预后良好。通过对整个过程的资料分析以及预后观察,得到如下提示:1)应做好饲养环境的消毒措施,防止江豚出现获得性PA感染;2)对江豚日常呼吸道和粪便中PA的检测,有利于疾病的早期预防和控制;3)江豚呼吸系统疾病的治愈依赖于准确的病原鉴定和及时的治疗,药敏试验对于PA感染的治疗非常必要;4)行为学的改变在江豚呼吸道疾病发病初期以及预后有重要的指示作用。

摘要: Serum transferrins(Tf)of bottlenose dolphin(Tursiops truncatus)and Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE),and the molecular weight of bottlenose dolphin Tf was determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).Bottlenose dolphin Tf and Yangtze finless porpoise Tf appeared to be β-globulins.Both species have five bands even though they belong to different families,which is more bands than previously reported for some fish and terrestrial mammals.The distance between the Tf bands was gradually less from the fastest band to the slowest band.The last two bands were close to each other.However,there were no difference among the two bottlenose dolphins and three finless porpoises.Bottlenose dolphin Tf is composed of two components,whose molecular weight disparity is about 3 000 Da.The Tf molecular weights from two bottlenose dolphins were 72 700 Da/69 900 Da and 73 100 Da/69 700 Da,respectively.These values are obviously lower than those in previous studies of humans,rabbits,rats,Guinea pigs,horses,dogs,mice and cats.

摘要: 长江江豚,即江豚扬子亚种,是仅分布于长江及附属湖泊中的唯一江豚淡水亚种,也是3个江豚亚种中最濒危的一个亚种。本文概述了30年来国内外关于长江江豚繁殖生物学方面的研究成果,主要从繁殖生态学、组织解剖学、生理学以及行为学等4个方面阐述了长江江豚繁殖生物学研究现状,并对其中一些相互矛盾和有争议的问题进行了分析。探讨了今后研究中应注意的重点问题,力图为长江江豚的繁殖生物学研究指明方向,为早日实现长江江豚的人工繁殖奠定基础。

摘要: In springs of 1995 to 2000, plot sampling was carried out to collect information on eight habitat factors including geographic environment and human activities, etc. According to a map of navigation in middle and low Yangtze River(printed in 1995), regular sampling plots, with a circular area of 500 m in diameter and with equal water and terrestrial, were set every five kilometres along the main stream, which included areas used by Yangtze finless porpoise. A total of 1 225 kilometres of survey was conducted. 247 regular sampling plots were set, of which 66 were utilized by the finless porpoises. The habitat selection of the Yangtze finless porpoises was quantitatively analyzed by Vanderploeg and Scavia selection indices. It was found that the Yangtze finless porpoises prefer cushion waters around large, gooseneck-like, bifurcated water courses, however the selection tended to be random with the decrease of flexuousity and the width to length ratio of the riverway. The feeding grounds of the Yangtze finless porpoises are usually close to sandy areas with reedy swamps where boats traveling upstream, sand excavating, and fishing activities, etc. constitute the potential threats to the finless porpoises. We suggest that the core area of the nature reserve should focus on large bifurcated riverways with cushion waters, and large areas of reedy swamps, where the sand excavating and fishing activities should be prohibited, and the speed of boats traveling upstream must be limitede.