摘要: AILING, a male and the first successfully domesticated Tibetan antelope ( Pantholops hodgsoni ), seen on the cover page, was saved by the conservators of Kekexili National Natural Reserve in early July of 2001. He has lived with a herd of sheep and goats belonging to a family of Tibetan herdman for about 17 months, and been matured by 1.5 years of age with enlarged scrotums, descended testicles, adult-male-like body color and sexual behaviors. He has a body length of 117.8 cm, ear length of 10.8 cm, horn length of 32.2 cm, shoulder height of 79.6 cm and buttocks height of 78.2 cm. He has the same characteristics as the domestic animals, such as not fearing of people and other animals, adapting to the extensive husbandry, tying to the artificial supplementary food. All these mean that AILING has been a domesticated animal, which makes the off site conservation of Tibetan antelope possible.

摘要: Down hairs were sampled from twenty two winter skins of the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii). For each individual,5 down hairs were collected from each sampling site including vertex,scruff,mid-back,buttock,mid-belly,tail,forelimb and hindlimb and subjected to morphological examination. Morphological indices of the hairs were measured,including hair curled length,hair uncurled length,hair diameter,scale height,scale width,longitudinal scale density,and then crimp ratio and scale aspect ratio were calculated. The results indicated that scales throughout the hair shaft were coronal type,like overlay of cups. The hair diameter in all sampling sites was between 11.69±1.25 μm and 12.41±0.79 μm. Both the curled length and uncurled length of the hairs on vertex,scruff,mid-back,buttock and midbelly were significantly longer than on tail and limbs (P<0.05). Crimp ratio varied between 11.62±2.78% and 19.79±3.22%,and crimp ratio on vertex was significantly higher than on other sites (P<0.05). Scale height varied between 20.55±4.79 μm and 25.58±5.86 μm,and scale height on limbs was significantly lower than on other sites (P<0.05); Scale widths ranged from 10.09±1.49 μm to 11.33±1.98 μm amongst all sampling sites. Scale widths on vertex and hind limb were significantly lower than on other sites (P<0.05); Scale aspect ratio varied between 2.15±0.60 and 2.56±0.81,where the ratio on mid-back were significantly higher than on other sites (P<0.05); The longitudinal scale density ranged from 38±3 scales/mm to 46±9 scales/mm,where the tail was significantly higher than other sites except hind limb (P<0.05). Morphological characteristics of down hairs of Tibetan antelope and their differentiation in different body sites are to meet the different functional requirements.

摘要: 2000年和2001年初夏,在高海拔、低人口密度的阿鲁盆地内对同域分布的藏羚与藏原羚的生境选择进行了研究。以海拔高度、坡度、离山岗距离、坡向以及植被类型作为资源参数,利用Resource Selection Function对藏羚与藏原羚的潜在生态位分化进行检验。研究表明:藏羚和藏原羚对低海拔、相对平地、针茅-非禾本科群落以及北坡的资源选择具有相似性,但对低海拔苔草平地具有强烈的避开;藏原羚对山岗或斜坡生境的利用比藏羚大。以针茅-非禾本科群落为例研究,结果显示斑块植物群落可能是决定生境选择的主要原因。

摘要: 2005年7月和2006年1月在可可西里国家自然保护区内收集藏羚羊的新鲜粪样各33份和55份。利用粪便显微分析法分析了该地区藏羚羊的食物构成及其冷季(1月)和暖季(7月)的变化。结果表明,在藏羚羊粪便中镜检到的可识别植物碎片为15科24种(属)植物,其食物谱构成主要包括禾本科、豆科、菊科、柽柳科及玄参科植物;禾本科是藏羚羊全年的主要食物,它在食物组成中所占的比例为60.5%;莎草科、豆科、菊科、柽柳科及玄参科植物是藏羚羊全年都取食的主要食物,其所占比例分别为16.7%、9.2%、6.4%、4.9%及0.9%。藏羚羊在冷季和暖季的食物构成有显著变化,莎草科和柽柳科在冷季所占比例较低,分别为7.7%和0.8%,而禾本科、豆科和玄参科在冷季所占比例较高,分别达到了70.4%、12.6%和2.4%。

摘要: 2006年11月1~23日,我们在西藏羌塘自然保护区北部和青海可可西里保护区进行了一次长达1692km的野生动物调查,此次调查所覆盖的区域均为无人区,海拔在4800~5200m之间。本次调查显示,冬季该荒漠/高山草原区域内,藏羚羊(Pantholops hodgsoni)是分布最多的有蹄类物种。在全长1692km,宽2km的样线上,共记录到5999只藏羚羊。在每个分区内的密度各不相同,从0.03/km2到9.21/km2,平均为1.77只/km2。在调查期间,明显的雄性个体群平均为6.3只/群,雌性个体群平均为6.4只/群,同时我们也记录到了100只以上的雌雄集合群。由此可见,藏羚羊正进入冬季的交配期,在一些区域出现了集中分布的现象。我们依然不清楚这些开始集中的雌性藏羚羊分别来自哪几个迁徙种群,和各个产仔地的明确关系,以及雄性藏羚羊又来自哪些区域。相比较而言,在同一纬度区域内其它有蹄类物种的密度相对较低,只有当向东进入可可西里之后才有所上升。其中,在可可西里保护区记录到的野牦牛(Bos grunniens)占总数的73%(n=977),藏野驴(Equus kiang)占48%(n=527)以及藏原羚(Gazella picticaudata)占95%(n=146)。西藏的羌塘北部地区对于藏羚羊是重要的冬季分布区,而可可西里地区不仅是几个藏羚羊种群重要的产仔地,同时也是一个重要的野牦牛种群的避难所。另外,本文还讨论了青藏公路东部有人区内的野生动物和草场的情况。在该区域内,已出现多个保护野生动物和自然环境的保护组织。