摘要: 研究了菲菊头蝠自由飞行状态下的回声定位信号和下丘神经元的声反应特性。菲菊头蝠在自由飞行时发射的CF/FM型回声定位叫声含2-3个谐波,主频为105.3±1.7kHz,时程为39.5±9.6ms,脉冲间隔为73.9±16.0ms。在所记录到的159个下丘神经元中,E型(Echolocation)神经元为32.7%(52/159),其中CF1型(Constantfrequency)占11.3%(18/159),FM1型(Frequencymodulated)占20.1%(32/159),FM2型占1.3%(2/159);NE型(Nonecholocation)神经元的比例为67.3%(107/159)。这些神经元的最佳频率(Bestfrequency,BF)与记录深度之间存在线性关系(r=0.9471,P<0.01)。E型神经元的深度范围为349-1855(1027.5±351.6)μm,阈值范围为6-74(43.1±14.5)dBSPL,潜伏期范围为10.0-26.0(14.6±3.8)ms。NE型神经元的分别为93.0-1745.0(733.3±290.3)μm、2-70(36.5±23.8)dBSPL、5.0-23.0(13.5±3.7)ms。记录到的53个IC神经元的调谐曲线(Frequencytuningcurve,FTC)均为开放型,51个为单峰型,2个为双峰型。单峰型神经元中大部分为狭窄型(Q10dB>5),占70.6%(36/51),E型神经元全部为狭窄型,Q10dB为10.4±7.1(5.5-31.6),其中CF1型为18.3±11.2(5.5-31.6),FM1型为8.7±4.7(5.5-24.3),FM2型为6.9±0.3(6.7-7.1);NE型神经元既有宽阔型也有狭窄型,Q10dB为6.6±5.1(1.6-25.6)。两个双峰型FTC主、副峰分别偏向高、低频区,高频边对应的是E型神经元。

摘要:

摘要: 捕食者与猎物的关系研究对了解物种捕食行为及种群空间格局具有重要意义。采用Avisoft Bioacoustics超声波仪录制马铁菊头蝠自然状态下的声波以确定其捕食活动强度,用灯诱法、扫网法和飞行阻隔法相结合采集昆虫,搜集蝙蝠粪便并分析其食物组成。结果表明,马铁菊头蝠在8月份活动最频繁,昆虫丰富度在8月份最丰富,马铁菊头蝠捕食活动与鳞翅目丰富度呈显著正相关。马铁菊头蝠主要以鳞翅目和鞘翅目为食,但食性存在明显的月份变化。卡方检验结果表明,马铁菊头蝠捕食的猎物与环境中可利用的昆虫猎物存在显著差异。在食物资源丰富时,马铁菊头蝠选择性地捕食营养丰富的鞘翅目昆虫。

摘要: During a survey of bat species diversity from July 2008 to February 2009 in Songtao county of Guizhou Province, one specimen of Rhinolophus was collected from Guizhou. It was identified as a Formosan lesser horseshoe bat, based on the following features: small body size, forearm length of 36.3 mm, the greatest length of skull was 15.16 mm, the cells of lancet were shorter and appeared triangular and showed an acute angle, and forward bending, the lancet was shorter and approximately triangular and had a narrow top, the anterior median swellings of the skull were higher and more vertical, the rear of the sagittal crest was thin, the upper molars were shorter and the length of C1-M3 was 5.36 mm, the width of M3-M3 was 5.24 mm. Rhinolophus monoceros, which is new record in Guizhou and the first found on the Chinese mainland, supports Simmons’ prediction that Rhinolophus monoceros may occur in the south of China.

摘要: 菲菊头蝠是分布于亚热带和热带的翼手目种类,在中国大陆南部和海南岛有广泛分布。为探讨热带菲菊头蝠是否具有冬眠期(12月至翌年2月)储精现象及生殖腺组织结构的变化,对海南岛的菲菊头蝠成年雄蝠和成年雌蝠生殖系统在冬眠期间的变化进行了石蜡切片观察。结果显示:成年雄蝠在冬眠期间附睾内储存大量精子,推测其储存时间超过2个月;冬眠期间曲细精管横截面积、精子细胞数量和间质细胞数量在冬眠期逐月显著性减少,精原细胞和精母细胞的数量在12月与翌年1月间均无显著性变化,而在冬眠末期的2月显著增多。在雌蝠子宫和卵巢内均未发现精子储存现象,但卵巢内具有初级卵泡和次级卵泡,雄蝠在冬眠期间曲细精管逐月萎缩,但生精上皮精母细胞的数量在冬眠末期明显上升。