摘要: As representative member of low class vertebrate and aquatic ecosystem, fishes have high breeding ability with eggs external tertilized and transparent embryos developing synchronously outside the mother. They are used in researches of embryology, enetics, aquatic toxicology, behavioral science and environmental science.Ever since George using experimental gynogenesis method was published in nature in 1981,zebra fish, medaka and other fishes became favorite laboratory animals and played more and more important roles in the studies of genetics and environmental science. In 1990s,Chinese researchers began studying on rare minnow, swordtail, red crucian carp and other fishes as laboratory animals; consequently, a professional subgroup of Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences named Society of Experimental Aquatic Animal was set up in 2001 to promote researcher in this area. Rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus , is a small cyprinid fish. Distributing in Hanyuan, Shimian Shuangliu, Dqjiangyan, Pengzhou County in Sichuan province, it is one of the endemic fishes in west China. In order to use rare minnow as laboratory animal, scientists of Institute of Hydrobiology belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)have done a series of investigation from1990.These works refer to its geographical distribution, habitat, morphology, taxonomy, reproduction, ontogenesis, growth,food,semitiviqto ecological factors, karyotype, isozymes, breed and care, anaesthesia,production of inbred strain, and soon. Rare minnow has been inbred to 20th generation at present, and guidelines for the laboratory culture and care of the fish have been made. This implies the time we produce and use rare minnow as standard animal model is near. As a new laboratory animal, rare minnow has the flowing attributes:(1) The ash is small with adult total length 38 to 85mm,and it is easy to care for.(2) Some individuals get mature when they are 3 months old under favorite culture, and can spawn when they are 4 months old. The generation time is only 4 months.(3) Spawning occurs when water temperature ranges from 14 to 30 degree of centigrade, thus it is easy to obtain eggs in my season in the laboratory.(4) Rare minnow is a continuous batch spawner. Mature females lay several hundred eggs at interval of a few days (mode 4days). This ensures researchers can get large number of eggs spawn by the same female in a shod period.(5) The eggs are adherent and transparent with diameter 1.25 to 1.70mm, which are larger than eggs of zebra fish or medaka. Embryogenensis and organogenesis can be monitored microscopically, and it is feasible to transplant nuclear or othertechnical operate.(6) Development is normal between 13 and 30 degree of centigrade.It is possible to control the speed of ontogenesis by adjusting temperature.(7)The fish has high adaptability to temperature, high CO 2 and low dissolved oxygen. There are 51 literatures on rare minnow presently. Eighteen of them are about biological background or taxonomy, and the other thirty three are papers about using this fish as experimental animal. In complete statistic shows rare minnow has been used in studies on fish disease, genetics, environmental science, embryology, physiology and ecology in more than 10 universities or research institutions in China. Wang Tiehui et al proved that rare minnow is susceptible to Hemorrhagic Virus of Grass Carp (GCHV)L ,suggested the ash may serve as a model of the virus resistance breeding of grass carp 3 with biotechnique methods. Using rare minnow as experimental fish instead of grass carp, investigators overcomes the difficulties brought by big body size, long generation time, short reproductive season, hard to care for and discommodious to obtain research materials, and hence it accelerates the course of the virus resistance breeding. In environmental science research area, many experiments indicated that rare minnow is a suitable test organism for determining toxicity of chemicals and water samples because the fish is very sensitive to heavy metals, pestici

摘要: 目的本文针对成体稀有鮈鲫的消化系统和神经系统进行了组织学观察和描述,配合系列的图文介绍,为脊椎动物的消化系统及神经系统的结构功能进化和其它相关的研究提供更加完整的组织学背景。方法健康的成体稀有鮈鲫经固定、脱钙,脱水,透明,包埋蜡块制成3μm厚度的组织切片,H.E染色制片,于光学显微镜下观察拍摄组织学照片,进而对其相应组织器官进行描述。结果稀有鮈鲫的口咽部可由咽齿与后续肠道分界,稀有鮈鲫的肠道前端呈"Z"字型膨大,但其后续肠道基本呈直线形。稀有鮈鲫的肝脏虽有清晰的中央静脉等结构,但不成典型的分叶状。胆囊独立存在,位于胸腔前端,与心脏毗邻。胰腺或肝胰腺未能在稀有鮈鲫中被发现。作为稀有鮈鲫神经中枢的脑部,其各部分结构较为完全,可见清晰的端脑、间脑、中脑、后脑和脑脊髓。并有脑神经从脑的背侧、腹侧发出。位于背侧脊椎的椎间孔中的脊髓可见分明的灰质与白质结构。结论稀有鮈鲫的消化系统符合鲤科鱼类无胃特点,但其肠道前后段有明显差异。该物种神经系统发育较为完全。

摘要: 目的探索稀有鮈鲫应用型配合饲料及相应的养殖技术,促进实验稀有鮈鲫的营养学标准化。方法在营养学需求的研究基础上,探索并验证适合稀有鮈鲫日常养殖的应用型配合饲料。通过生长实验和繁殖实验,筛选得到适宜的饲料配方;研究了温度、投喂频率、饲养密度等饲养策略对生长、性腺发育的影响。结果 25%⁴0%蛋白水平的配合饲料均可满足幼鱼快速生长需求,其中30%蛋白、6%脂肪、总能为12.5 kJ/g的投喂效果生长最好,同时,繁殖性能较高,可达到对照组的69.4%;亲鱼的产卵间隔随饲料蛋白水平的降低而延长;在18～24℃范围内,温度越高,生长越快,当温度超过28℃时,体质量反而有所下降;不同投喂频率下,最大生长均出现在24℃时;特定生长率随养殖密度升高呈明显下降的趋势,养殖密度为0.8尾/L时饲料利用率最高,1.6尾/缸组稍降低,但无显著差异。结论 30%蛋白、6%脂肪、总能为12.5 k J/g的配合饲料可满足稀有鮈鲫幼鱼的快速生长,且能使亲鱼能保持规律性繁殖,满足实验稀有鮈鲫传代和生产需要;过高或过低的温度对生长不利,投喂频率的增加不一定能促进生长和饲料利用;稀有鮈鲫幼鱼适宜的养殖温度为24～26℃,每天投喂2次;养殖密度对生长和性腺发育均有很大影响,适宜的养殖密度应不超过1.6尾/L。

摘要: 目的目前鲜有专门针对稀有鮈鲫这种新型实验动物进行组织切片制作方法的研究,故我们对此进行了实践、摸索以建立一完整的组织学切片制作流程供参考交流。方法对正常生活状态下的健康稀有鮈鲫采用Bouin`s固定液固定,并用脱钙液软化骨骼后进行修块,组织块经梯度酒精脱水、松油醇透明之后,按照标准流程制成石蜡切片,HE染色后封片用显微镜观察。结果切片主要采取横断面和矢状面作为观察方位,并使用显微拍摄装备摄取了结构分明的各系统组织脏器的组织学照片。结论本文所述的方法经过多次探索和实践,制得的组织切片镜检结果清晰,质量稳定,可作为以稀有鮈鲫等小型硬骨鱼为实验动物的切片制作提供一些可行的建议。

摘要: 目的本文对成体的雌性和雄性稀有鮈鲫进行了系统性的组织学观察和描述,为以该动物为实验对象的研究进一步完善动物背景材料和理论基础。方法采用的成体稀有鮈鲫由中科院水生生物研究所提供。用Bouin's液对样品固定24 h至48 h后进行脱钙,流水轻柔冲洗表面去除样品表面残余的酸液,对样品的整体和局部采取矢状面与冠状面进行双向修块,梯度酒精脱水后浸入松油醇透明,包埋蜡块制作3μm厚度的切片,按Hematoxylin&Eosin染色标准流程完成染色制片后于镜下观察,并对其各个脏器按照各个系统的顺序依次进行了组织学照片的拍摄及描述。结果稀有鮈鲫的皮肤分为表皮层和真皮层,表皮外侧被覆角质化的鳞片,不能同无鳞鱼类一般通过皮肤呼吸,故其呼吸作用主要在鳃部进行。作为携氧工具的稀有鮈鲫的红细胞,如禽类的红细胞一般具有未退化的细胞核,从切片上可以看到在其心脏(分为静脉窦、心房、心室和具高度弹性的动脉四个部分)和血管(动静脉、毛细血管)中均有大量充盈。结论本文对稀有鮈鲫的皮肤以及呼吸系统、心血管系统的器官进行了较为完整的组织学形态描述,可为以之为实验对象的研究提供较为可靠的理论参考。