摘要: 建立大熊猫的精子库,进行远距离圈养大熊猫种群间的人工授精和遗传物质的转运,维持遗传多样性,是目前大熊猫遗传管理的优先方法。要成为最有效的工具,精子库保存的精子解冻后的活力必须很好。本文对大熊猫冷冻精液的解冻速度和解冻液中添加化学激活剂Pentyoxyfilline(PF)后的精子活力进行了试验。试验用的精液采自11只成年大熊猫,精液冷冻速度为每分钟-40℃～-100℃。试验Ⅰ:将冷冻精液放入3种不同温度的水浴中解冻:(1)22℃(慢速解冻);(2)37℃(中速解冻)(3)50℃(快速解冻)。将冷冻前精子活力(78 1±2 9%)和解冻后的平均精子活力进行比较,快速解冻后的精子活力(57 5±5 4%)显著地降低(P<0 05),而中速解冻的精子活力(67 5±3 1%)和慢速解冻的精子活力(73 33±2 1%)与冷冻前的活力接近。试验Ⅱ:使用中速解冻方法解冻精液后,分别加入最终浓度为0mM、1mM、5mM和10mM的PF,然后分别保温15min和24h。在PF(0mM、1mM、5mM和10mM)中分别孵育15min的解冻精子活力,运动状态,活率和顶体正常率在试验期的90min内都很相似(P>0 05)。在1mMPF中孵育24h的精子活力没有变化(P>0 05)。在5mM和10mMPF中孵育过的精子活力(5mM:24 0±4 7%;10mM19 5±3 6%)比没有加PF的对照组的精子活力(38 3±5 2%)显著地低(P<0 05)。而且,在10mM

摘要: On March 26 and 27, 2003, we observed six and five giant pandas assembled together respectively in Huodiba and Lijiagou districts of Sanguanmiao, Foping Nature Reserve,Shaanxi Province,China. The mating sites were located in the coniferous forest and mixed coniferous and deciduous forest, with steep slope and sparse shrubs and bamboos. Wind power was estimated over 3rd category in those two days. The competition and fighting among male pandas were observed, and the mating right with the female panda was mainly based on the hierarchical ordering. However, not all the winners during competition can be access to mating with the female panda. For wild giant panda, its mating system is maybe plastic, which perhaps is affected by environment, time and panda population itself. Cubs or sub-adults are observed occurring at the mating site, which is considered to be linked with the learning of the reproductive behavior. Our results maybe provide a useful guideline to the management and breeding of giant pandas in the captivity.

摘要: 2002年4月至11月,在邛崃山系宝兴蜂桶寨自然保护区设点,应用资源选择函数和资源选择指数研究了小熊猫对生境的选择和利用。结果表明,影响小熊猫生境选择的关键因子是水源距离、竹子基径、灌木密度;次关键因子是坡位、树桩密度、倒木密度;次要因子是坡向、乔木密度;而郁闭度、坡度、植被类型、乔木高度、灌木高度、树桩高度、树洞密度、人为干扰的影响不明显。小熊猫喜欢在水源较近(<250m)、竹子长势良好(基径大于4 0mm)、灌木和乔木密度大(大于1 5株 20m2)、树桩和倒木数量多(>1根 400m2)、中上坡位、南坡的针叶林或针阔混交林活动。小熊猫的生境资源选择函数为:logit(P)=-13 527-3 180×水源距离+2 702×竹子基径+2 582×灌木密度+2 134×树桩密度+2 104×坡位+1 622×倒木密度-1 066×坡向+0 934×乔木密度……小熊猫对生境的选择概率为:P=elogit(P) (1+elogit(P))

摘要: 首次对犬冠状病毒大熊猫株(CCVGP)核蛋白(N)基因进行了克隆和序列测定。本实验根据GenBank中报道的CCVlnsavc-1株N蛋白基因序列,设计了一对特异性引物,对分离的CCVGP野毒株进行了RT-PCR扩增。将扩增的PCR产物纯化回收后与pGEM T连接得到重组质粒pTN,进行核苷酸序列测定。结果该基因全长1146bp,编码382个氨基酸;与CCⅤ标准毒株Insavc-lN基因相比,核苷酸的同源性为92 6%,推导的氨基酸的同源性为93 2%。在推导的N蛋白N端156-179位存在一个SRXX富集区,与小鼠肝炎病毒N蛋白相应区域相同,推测可能是RNA结合区。预测的GP株N蛋白疏水性和抗原表位与Insavc-l株N蛋白存在细微的差异。将pTN双酶切,回收目的基因片段克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET28a中构建了重组质粒pETN,转化大肠杆茵BL21,用IPTG进行了诱导表达。结果重组菌菌体裂解物经SDS-PAGE电泳可检测到相对分子量为48KD的重组蛋白,免疫印迹法证实该重组蛋白可以与CCV多克隆抗体发生特异性反应。经凝胶薄层扫描分析,重组N蛋白表达量可占菌体蛋白的49 3%,表达的蛋白纯化后可用于建立检测大熊猫CCV抗体间接ELISA用的包被抗原。

摘要: In order to investigate the change of reproductive behaviors and understand reproductive strategies of both male and female red pandas, one-year behavioral observation was conducted through the focal sampling method in the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from December 1999 to November 2000. Our results indicated that reproductive behaviors showed significant differences between the estrous and non-estrous seasons. Frequencies of the rubbing anogenital, sniffing and licking marking were much higher in estrus than in non-estrus. Bleating only appeared in the estrus and can be regarded as an estrous indicator. The result also demonstrated that both male and females applied different reproductive behavioral strategies. Frequencies of activity, rubbing anogenital, licking and sniffing marking, and bleat were much higher in the male than in the female. However, those of resting and investigating were much lower in the male than in the female. This indicated that the male was more active than the female during the estrus and might imply that the male acts mainly as an estrous message sender, and the female as a message receiver in the estrous season.