摘要: 移地是指将生物有机体从一个区域自由释放到另一区域的移动,通常包括引入、重引入以及复壮等3种类型。野生动物的移地有较悠久的历史。在许多国家,通过移地以维持濒危野生动物种群在野外的长期续存已成为保护生物学上的一种重要手段。影响圈养动物野外放归成功的因素主要来自物种生物学特性、自然环境、社会生物学以及放归方式等几方面,同时,放归亦给基础生态学研究带来了新的机遇与挑战。大熊猫是我国特有的珍稀兽类,分布在秦岭、岷山、邛崃山、大相岭、小相岭以及凉山等几大隔离的山系。由于部分山系栖息地的高度破碎以及隔离小种群普遍面临的来自种群及环境等随机因素的影响,单纯依靠就地保护的措施可能并不足以保证这些隔离小种群在野外长期续存。在圈养大熊猫种群数量不断增加的情况下,将圈养个体放归野外以复壮孤立小种群应是一种有效的保护手段,同时,随着大熊猫栖息地质量的逐步改善,圈养大熊猫野外放归的时机亦逐步成熟。文中尚就圈养大熊猫放归野外之前亟待解决的问题进行了讨论。

摘要: Study subjects were 21 giant pandas raised at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. From 2003.06 to 2005.03, the pandas’ diet (consisting of bamboo, fruit, and milk gruel) was supplemented with a specially formulated concentrated biscuit(concentrate) and/or additional vitamin (water scatter lipid vitamins (Aventis AD_ 3 E100-20-20)and B vitamins).Mucous excretion of the pandas was explored for these dietary conditions. Blood levels of B vitamins were examined, and the relationship between the nutritional status of B vitamins and mucous excretion is initially discussed. Results showed that for all three pandas who received supplemental water scatter lipid vitamins and mineral elements, the frequency of mucous excretion was reduced. Of 15 pandas provisioned with the concentrate, 14 exhibited reduced mucous excretion. The majority of these pandas did not produce a mucous stool for 7 months. Mucous excretion was also reduced in 6 pandas provisioned with supplementary B vitamin and calcium-magnesium complex. The B_ 1 , B_ 6 , Niacin and Niacinamide concentrations in the serum of 4 pandas who frequently excreted mucous were found to be very low. After the addition of supplementary B vitamins, the concentrations of these vitamins rose and the frequency of mucous excretion decreased. Conclusion: Some of the B vitamins may be related to the frequency of mucous excretion in the captive giant panda. Accordingly, an effective measure to reduce or eliminate mucous excretion in the captive giant panda may be to supply a complete and balanced diet with a careful consideration of micro-nutrients.

摘要: 462 episode s of mucous excretion and associated behavioral changes were documented for 25 g iant pandas that were at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breedin g. The purpose of this preliminary study was to lay the foundation for understa nding the phenomenon of mucous production, and to investigate measures whi ch may be related the frequency of mucous excretion. Indicators included the pe riod of abdominal discomfort associated with mucous excretion (mean=2.5±2 .3 h ); the interval from first refusal to consume bamboo and concentrated feed unti l mu cous excretion episode(mean=1.8±2.2 h); the interval fro m first refusal until return of appetite (mean=1.9±2.3 h); the interval from mucous excretion until intake of concentrated feed and bambo o (means=29.8±94.7 min and 33.8±105.8 min, respect ively); the interval between mucous excretion episodes (mean=18.9±24.0 days); mucous characteristics and weight of mucous averaged 1.7±0.7 and 77.8±47.7 g , respectively. Results indicated that the phe nomenon of mucus excretion in the giant panda causes significant disrupti on to daily activity patterns. Animals that excreted muco us more frequently (15 days or less, between bouts) showed significantly more le thargy (P<0.01 and P<0.05), abdominal discomfort (P<0.05), length of time of refusal to eat bamboo (P<0.055 ), and higher mucous weight, than animals that excreted mucous less frequently. Higher frequency of mucous excretion was directly associated with inhibited gro wth, reproduction and health status in the giant pandas studied.

摘要: 2002年5~11月,在蜂桶寨自然保护区利用无线电遥测技术对6只小熊猫的巢域利用进行了初步研究。结果表明,6只戴颈圈个体M1、M2、M3、F1、F2、F3的巢域面积分别为330·26hm~2、135·18hm~2、190·67hm~2、98·23hm~2、141·60hm~2、204·80hm~2;雄性个体平均巢域面积为218·70hm~2,雌性个体为148·21hm~2。小熊猫个体间巢域重叠普遍,平均重叠率达25·33%,其中雄性个体之间为26·00%,雌性个体之间为23·67%,两性个体之间为25·67%。可能受人为干扰的影响,M1在6只监测个体中巢域面积、日均移动距离均为最大。

摘要: 微卫星基因位点是在各个遗传学领域被广泛使用的分子标记。而对于首次研究的物种,必须筛选出可以应用的微卫星位点。对于分离微卫星位点来说由于只有大约0.5%~2%的重组体含有微卫星位点,所以标准的基因组文库需要至少产生5000个重组体。传统的筛选方法就是通过检测大量重组体来定位这些少量的位点。近几年来出现了一些新的筛选方法,采用“富集”微卫星序列的技术将包含微卫星位点的重组体比例提高了10~100倍。这样就降低了筛选工作的时间和劳动强度,大大提高了筛选微卫星位点的效率。本文在结合了几种筛选微卫星位点技术路线的基础上,采用生物素标记探针杂交、富集和PCR筛选技术,对原有技术路线进行了改进。主要实验步骤为:1)基因组DNA的提取和消化;2)生物素标记探针富集;3)克隆建库;4)“PCR”筛选;5)引物设计和多态性检测。新的方法在小熊猫微卫星基因文库的构建中取得成功,获得了10个具有多态性的(CA)n重复序列微卫星位点。