摘要: Different dental morphological features,including the occlusal surface,interproximal surface,buccal surface and lingual surface,were described by observing the 155 non-isolated teeth in maxillary specimens from giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) from the Qinling Mountains.The correlation between dental features and diet was discussed based on the measurement of dental crown width,dental crown thickness,dental crown height,dental cervical width,dental cervical thickness,dental root length and dental length,in parallel with a study on the feeding ecology of giant pandas.Dental unity of morphology and function of wild giant pandas was also described.The correlation between dental anatomy and physiology was further analyzed.The results showed that during the evolutionary process,as a special stock of carnivore,the giant panda's food was highly specialized.Its dental morphological features are significantly different from those of other carnivores and have their own peculiarities.The incisor has a trend of degradation and double dentition.It has lost the dental morphological features of other carnivores.The canine is strong and forms a cone.Its crown height is twice the height than the molar's crown.The premolar and the molar have complex dental morphology.Their occlusal surface has many crista.The cingulum is well-developed.The broad and uneven occlusal surfaces are similar to those of omnivorous and herbivorous animals.Changes in the food structure affect the dental masticatory function in different ways,resulting in the adaptive performance in the dental morphology.Morphological characteristics of these teeth meet the needs of masticatory function,which is closely related to its oral physiological functions.The results of this study provide the anatomical basis for the prevention and treatment of dental disease of giant pandas,as well as having very important ecological significance.

摘要: The multisubunit NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the first enzyme complex in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. The iron-sulfur protein (IP) fraction is made up of 7 subunits, including NDUFS6 (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase Fe-S protein 6). In order to understand the giant panda’s NDUFS6 gene and coding of protein using RT-PCR combined with in silico cloning, we isolated and sequenced the cDNA encoding NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein 6 of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).The deduced protein sequence showed that the protein is composed of 124 amino acids and the estimated molecular weight of the NDUFS6 protein is 13.632 kDa with an isoelectric point (PI) of 9.51. Alignment analysis reveals that the deduced protein sequence shares 85.6 %,82.4 %,76.6 % and 76.1 % homology with that of Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, respectively. In particular, there are 2 Protein kinase C phosphorylation sites (14SGK16 and51SRK53) in the NDUFS6 protein of the giant panda.

摘要: 野生动物监测在保护管理自然资源以确保可持续利用上占有关键地位,在西方一些发达国家已成为濒危物种乃至生物多样性保护的一项重要内容。在我国,对大型哺乳动物的长期监测基本尚未纳入常规,针对野生种群的监测报道迄今罕见。本文以佛坪自然保护区2000～2006年大熊猫监测数据为基础,通过大熊猫遗留的新鲜粪便等痕迹指标探讨了该地大熊猫种群的发展趋势与监测数据所反映的大熊猫生态习性。结果显示该保护区内大熊猫种群略显缓慢增加的趋势(t=1.98,P=0.082),不同季节痕迹的海拔变化表明,该地大熊猫有季节性垂直迁移的生态习性。此外,监测数据所反映的大熊猫空间分布等亦与其他相关研究大致吻合,表明该保护区所采用的监测方法有在全国其他大熊猫保护区推广利用的潜在价值。

摘要: 以国产犬用犬瘟热等六联弱毒苗接种33只不同性别、不同年龄的健康大熊猫,分别采集每只大熊猫免疫前以及免疫后2周、1个月、3个月、6个月、9个月、11个月的血清样品,采用细胞中和试验测定犬瘟热病毒(CDV)中和抗体效价,并对接种疫苗后的所有大熊猫个体进行连续1年的健康资料记录。结果表明,所有接种疫苗的大熊猫均未出现任何与疫苗相关的副反应,该疫苗接种对大熊猫是安全的;部分老年、成年和亚成年的大熊猫(13/33)在疫苗接种前已经存在CDV抗体(≥1∶4);2只老年大熊猫在疫苗接种后仅产生低水平的CDV抗体(≤1∶8),另外2只老年大熊猫在疫苗接种后未产生CDV抗体(<1∶4);部分成年大熊猫(9/15)在疫苗接种后未产生CDV抗体(<1∶4),仅部分成年大熊猫(6/15)在疫苗接种后产生低水平的CDV抗体(≤1∶22);部分亚成年大熊猫(8/9)在疫苗接种后能够产生低水平的CDV抗体(≤1∶22),少数亚成年大熊猫(1/9)在疫苗接种后未产生CDV抗体(<1∶4);幼年大熊猫(5/5)疫苗接种后可产生CDV抗体,2周至1月内达到高峰,CDV抗体水平和持续时间都明显高于老年、成年和亚成年大熊猫(P<0.05);少数幼年大熊猫(1/5)疫苗接种后CDV抗体达到1∶127,但3个月后所有幼年大熊猫CDV抗体就陡然下降(≤1∶16)。由此表明,在现有的免疫剂量和程序下,犬用犬瘟热等六联弱毒疫苗难以有效刺激大熊猫产生CDV中和抗体。

摘要: 运用RT-PCR技术,从大熊猫的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了酸性核糖体磷酸蛋白P1(RPLP1)基因的表达序列,并对其进行了测序及初步分析。结果表明:大熊猫RPLP1基因的表达序列全长为448bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为344bp,编码114个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的分子量为11.566kDa,pI为4.4,含有3个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和2个N-酰基化位点。进一步分析发现,大熊猫RPLP1基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的部分哺乳动物具有很高的相似性。