摘要: Heart,lung,liver,stomach,large intestine and small intestine of wild pigs captured from the Ziwulin Mountains,Gansu were measured and compared with those of Bamei,a local domestic pig breed. Each group included two males and one female with body weights ranging from 33 kg to 43 kg. In addition,feed digestion of wild and Bamei pigs were determined in two males and one female with body weights of 53 ± 2.3 kg using a total feces collection method. Results showed that only the relative weight of lung of the wild pigs (2.1%) was significantly (P<0.01) larger than that of Bamei. All the remaining measurements of wild pigs including lengths of large intestine (3.36 ± 0.38 m) and small intestine (14.15 ± 0.31 m),lumen volumes of stomach (1.82 ± 1.36 L) and large intestine (5.91 ± 1.04 L),and weights of stomach (0.38 ±0.05 kg),large intestine (0.47 ±0.04 kg) and small intestine (0.60 ±0.03 kg) were all less than those of Bamei (P<0.05). Digestive indices of wild pigs including daily digestible mass of crude protein (0.23 ±0.13 kg) and crude fiber (0.06 ±0.03 kg),percent digestibility for crude fiber (45.7 ± 1.8%) and daily intake of crude fiber (2.44 ± 0.15 kg) were all lower than those of Bamei (P<0.05). However,percent digestibilities of wild pigs for crude protein (75.9 ± 1.3%) and phosphorus (36.2 ± 2.3%) were higher than those of Bamei (P< 0.05). These results suggest a potential benefit in development of management strategies for domestic production of wild pigs.

摘要: 本文基于135头野猪样本中检测到的15种SLA DRB基因exon 2序列的遗传变异分析,探讨DRB基因在不同地理区域中自然选择的变化特征。研究发现DRB基因exon 2抗原结合位点的非同义替换率为同义替换率的2.95倍,表明该位点受到平衡选择的强烈作用。在系统发生分析中,在基于核苷酸序列构建的NJ树中,野猪DRB位点的15种等位基因全部聚为一枝,没有发现跨种多态现象;而在基于氨基酸序列构建的系统发生树中,野猪SLA-DRB*nnu6和人DRB基因exon 2片段聚在一起,这种氨基酸残基的高度相似可能是由于自然选择压力下产生的趋同。野猪DRB基因exon 2的序列多态性分析表明,东北野猪基因多态性低于四川野猪和华南野猪,这可能与不同气候条件和地理环境下的寄生虫等因素对SLA等位基因变异的影响存在差异有关。

摘要: 采用笼式活捕野猪,利用无线电遥测技术、R2V、Arcview和SPSS软件技术,于2004年7月15日至2006年1月19日,对小兴安岭南坡野猪家域进行测定、计算和分析,以了解该地区野猪的家域变化规律。研究结果表明:季节变化影响野猪家域面积,在春、秋季,野猪的家域面积显著大于冬季,而春、夏季间无显著差异;不同性别及年龄野猪家域大小也不同,成体雄性秋季发情期和亚成体春季分窝期家域面积显著增加;在冬、春季家族群野猪的家域面积显著大于独体野猪家域面积,说明家族群对家域面积有影响;亚成体家域大小主要受家族群家域的影响,家族群野猪面积大,相应地家族野猪中亚成体家域面积也大。

摘要: 从2005年11月5日至2006年1月21日,为了评估小麂和野猪的生境选择及其差异,我们在浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区核心区共设置了248个样方群。研究发现,两者都选择平缓坡的灌丛植被、草本密度小、离住宅较近和离隐蔽物距离适中的生境,表现了它们的生境选择有一定的重叠性。但是它们也表现出生境选择的一些差异,小麂选择乔木密度适中、灌丛密度大和郁闭度适中的生境,而野猪选择乔木密度小的生境,随机地使用各类灌丛密度和郁闭度的生境。小麂还选择北坡、离水源距离较远的生境,野猪只是随机地使用不同的坡向和离水源距离的生境。分析两者共存的机制,我们发现小麂采取隐藏策略而野猪采取逃跑策略来避敌和利用资源,即它们之间存在与反捕食策略相关的生境选择差异。

摘要: We studied winter food-habits of wild boars (Sus scrofa) by using micro-histological fecal analyses in combination with field surveys of feeding sign in the Wulong Hunting area of Tonghe,Heilongjiang Province, during the winters of 2000 and 2001. The major winter foods of wild boars included Pteridophytes and the fruits,branches and leaves of other plants. Equisetum hiemale was the main food and accounted for 41.7%. Other food components, such as Pinus koraiensis, Populus spp., Juglans mandshurica, Quercus mongolica, Padus asiatica, and Corylus heterophlla accounted for 10.5%, 10.2%, 9.3%, 5.3%, 4.0%, and 4.0%, respectively. The concentrations of crude fat and crude protein of the food plants showed a peak in November, then decreased and became lowest in February, then increased slightly in March. The mean concentrations of crude fat and crude protein were 9.6% and 10.2%,respectively.