摘要: Fat content of bone marrow has long been related to physiological condition in deer. To assess body condition of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), marrow fat index was employed. Tibiae, radii, metacarpal and metatarsal bones of 6 roe deer were collected in Xiaodong Forestry Region during winter season in 1999, the marrow fat contents were analyzed by use of ether extraction, oven-drying, and reagent-drying method respectively, and the ages were determined by dental cementum. The results of comparison of marrow fat content for each bone after ether extraction, oven-drying, and reagent-drying indicated a high degree of similarity (P>0.05). No significant differences existed between the tibia and radius, metacarpal and metatarsal bone (P>0.05). Low level of bone marrow fat content (54.93±30.88%, measured by ether extraction method for tibia) meant that roe deer remained in a phase of undernutrition. Under low crude protein and energy content of natural vegetation and low digestibility of browse during winter, roe deer relied primarily on diet and its fat stores to partially meet energy requirements. As roe deer's nutritional status declined, its body fat stores were mobilized and depleted, which can be reflected by the low kidney fat content (12.50±8.34%). Marrow fat index along with kidney fat index can be useful as a indicator in assessing roe deer's body condition.

摘要: 2007年春季,在天津八仙山自然保护区对狍卧息地利用进行了研究。共发现52个狍的卧息地,同时设置93个对照地。资源选择指数结果表明,狍偏好阔叶林,利用中上坡位,喜欢阳坡和半阴半阳坡,选择水源距离适中,偏爱远离人为干扰的卧息地。逐步判别分析结果显示,灌木盖度、隐蔽度、灌木高度、郁闭度、灌木距离和坡度是判别卧息地和对照地的关键因子,即为影响其卧息地利用的主要因子,判别正确率为98.1%。作为生性胆怯易惊的偶蹄类,具有隐蔽条件较好[灌木盖度适中(转换后为16.77±1.07°)、隐蔽度高(29.54±1.47m)、灌木高度稍高(1.22±0.05m)]的地点是狍适宜的卧息地,以逃避捕食者;与此同时,卧息地较舒适[郁闭度低(转换后为5.48±0.31°)、灌木距离较远(2.99±0.13m)、坡度小(2.11±0.09°)],以利于怀孕母狍呼吸与活动,反映其繁殖期生理需求。

摘要: 本试验研究了狍(东北亚种)在人工饲养条件下的繁殖行为。研究结果表明:(1)在交配季节,雄狍具有卷唇嗅闻、扒土等行为;雄狍与雌狍的卧息、冲突行为差异显著,尾阴探究差异极显著。(2)妊娠雌狍选择隐蔽处分娩产仔。(3)在临产前,雌狍有临产表现,采取侧卧分娩姿势,仔狍娩出后,舔食仔狍的胎水和胎膜。

摘要: 通过在吉林农业科技学院左家校区动物实习基地进行试验,研究了野生狍(中国亚种)在人工驯化饲养条件下的发情配种模式。研究结果表明:狍属于短日照繁殖动物,发情和配种在秋季进行,每年有一个发情周期,性成熟是14±2月龄;雄狍在整个发情配种期始终保持兴奋状态,随时可以与达到发情旺期的雌狍进行交配,发情的雌狍外观没有明显表现,当对雄狍表现好感、主动亲近雄狍时,就是交配的最好时机;狍配种方式采用单雄群雌的同期复配方式,性别比例为雄性狍∶雌性狍=1∶4。

摘要: 2017年6月—2019年3月,以天津八仙山国家级自然保护区为研究地点,首次应用红外相机技术综合关注野生狍Capreolus pygargus的集群模式和时空活动规律。结果发现,狍表现出5种集群模式,以单雄和单雌模式为主;各种集群模式的出现频次呈显著的季节差异（χ²=10.867,df=3,P=0.012）、温度区段差异（χ²=12.141,df=4,P=0.016）和海拔区段差异（χ²=13.286,df=3,P=0.004）;狍的日活动曲线整体呈双峰型,活动高峰期集中在05∶00—07∶00和18∶00—20∶00;日活动节律不存在显著季节差异;狍全年相对活动强度的高峰出现在温度为11～20℃、海拔为501～700 m时;狍在不同季节的相对活动强度之间的差异有高度统计学意义（χ²=49.535,df=3,P <0.000 1）,其中秋季显著高于其他3季。综上所述,季节在不同程度上影响野生狍的集群模式和时空活动规律。本研究为野生狍的生态保护及相关自然保护地的综合管理提供科学参考依据。