摘要: Study subjects were 21 giant pandas raised at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. From 2003.06 to 2005.03, the pandas’ diet (consisting of bamboo, fruit, and milk gruel) was supplemented with a specially formulated concentrated biscuit(concentrate) and/or additional vitamin (water scatter lipid vitamins (Aventis AD_ 3 E100-20-20)and B vitamins).Mucous excretion of the pandas was explored for these dietary conditions. Blood levels of B vitamins were examined, and the relationship between the nutritional status of B vitamins and mucous excretion is initially discussed. Results showed that for all three pandas who received supplemental water scatter lipid vitamins and mineral elements, the frequency of mucous excretion was reduced. Of 15 pandas provisioned with the concentrate, 14 exhibited reduced mucous excretion. The majority of these pandas did not produce a mucous stool for 7 months. Mucous excretion was also reduced in 6 pandas provisioned with supplementary B vitamin and calcium-magnesium complex. The B_ 1 , B_ 6 , Niacin and Niacinamide concentrations in the serum of 4 pandas who frequently excreted mucous were found to be very low. After the addition of supplementary B vitamins, the concentrations of these vitamins rose and the frequency of mucous excretion decreased. Conclusion: Some of the B vitamins may be related to the frequency of mucous excretion in the captive giant panda. Accordingly, an effective measure to reduce or eliminate mucous excretion in the captive giant panda may be to supply a complete and balanced diet with a careful consideration of micro-nutrients.

摘要: 462 episode s of mucous excretion and associated behavioral changes were documented for 25 g iant pandas that were at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breedin g. The purpose of this preliminary study was to lay the foundation for understa nding the phenomenon of mucous production, and to investigate measures whi ch may be related the frequency of mucous excretion. Indicators included the pe riod of abdominal discomfort associated with mucous excretion (mean=2.5±2 .3 h ); the interval from first refusal to consume bamboo and concentrated feed unti l mu cous excretion episode(mean=1.8±2.2 h); the interval fro m first refusal until return of appetite (mean=1.9±2.3 h); the interval from mucous excretion until intake of concentrated feed and bambo o (means=29.8±94.7 min and 33.8±105.8 min, respect ively); the interval between mucous excretion episodes (mean=18.9±24.0 days); mucous characteristics and weight of mucous averaged 1.7±0.7 and 77.8±47.7 g , respectively. Results indicated that the phe nomenon of mucus excretion in the giant panda causes significant disrupti on to daily activity patterns. Animals that excreted muco us more frequently (15 days or less, between bouts) showed significantly more le thargy (P<0.01 and P<0.05), abdominal discomfort (P<0.05), length of time of refusal to eat bamboo (P<0.055 ), and higher mucous weight, than animals that excreted mucous less frequently. Higher frequency of mucous excretion was directly associated with inhibited gro wth, reproduction and health status in the giant pandas studied.

摘要: 2002年5~11月,在蜂桶寨自然保护区利用无线电遥测技术对6只小熊猫的巢域利用进行了初步研究。结果表明,6只戴颈圈个体M1、M2、M3、F1、F2、F3的巢域面积分别为330·26hm~2、135·18hm~2、190·67hm~2、98·23hm~2、141·60hm~2、204·80hm~2;雄性个体平均巢域面积为218·70hm~2,雌性个体为148·21hm~2。小熊猫个体间巢域重叠普遍,平均重叠率达25·33%,其中雄性个体之间为26·00%,雌性个体之间为23·67%,两性个体之间为25·67%。可能受人为干扰的影响,M1在6只监测个体中巢域面积、日均移动距离均为最大。

摘要: 微卫星基因位点是在各个遗传学领域被广泛使用的分子标记。而对于首次研究的物种,必须筛选出可以应用的微卫星位点。对于分离微卫星位点来说由于只有大约0.5%~2%的重组体含有微卫星位点,所以标准的基因组文库需要至少产生5000个重组体。传统的筛选方法就是通过检测大量重组体来定位这些少量的位点。近几年来出现了一些新的筛选方法,采用“富集”微卫星序列的技术将包含微卫星位点的重组体比例提高了10~100倍。这样就降低了筛选工作的时间和劳动强度,大大提高了筛选微卫星位点的效率。本文在结合了几种筛选微卫星位点技术路线的基础上,采用生物素标记探针杂交、富集和PCR筛选技术,对原有技术路线进行了改进。主要实验步骤为:1)基因组DNA的提取和消化;2)生物素标记探针富集;3)克隆建库;4)“PCR”筛选;5)引物设计和多态性检测。新的方法在小熊猫微卫星基因文库的构建中取得成功,获得了10个具有多态性的(CA)n重复序列微卫星位点。

摘要: 小相岭山系是现存大熊猫种群数量最少的山系之一。根据全国第3次大熊猫及其栖息地调查结果,小相岭山系大熊猫栖息地分布在石棉、冕宁和九龙三县,栖息地总面积802.04km2,大熊猫种群数量有32只。大熊猫在3个位于小相岭山系的自然保护区内种群数量和栖息地面积分别为:四川冶勒自然保护区9只,栖息地面积168.01km2;四川栗子坪自然保护区14只,栖息地面积306.38km2;四川贡嘎山自然保护区1只,栖息地面积15.19km2。在3个保护区大熊猫栖息地总面积为489.58km2,占各山系大熊猫栖息地总面积的61.05%;有大熊猫24只,占大熊猫种群数量的75.0%。小相岭山系大熊猫meta种群栖息地片段化比较严重,它由2个种群和2个孤立分布点组成。南北方向从成都至昆明的108国道以东的种群A有大熊猫13只,栖息地面积263.54km2,完整性较好,大熊猫分布比较集中。108国道以西的种群B有大熊猫19只,栖息地面积为538.50km2,栖息地破碎。该山系大熊猫数量少,栖息地片段化严重,需加强保护。