摘要: Being widely distributed in the Qinling Mountains,Bashania fargesii is the primary food source for giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during winter and spring.To understand the relationship between panda food habits and nutrients in the bamboo,we collected samples of leaves,branches and stems across seasons and ages in Foping Nature Reserve,Shaanxi Province,China. Each category of samples was collected at the same site,with three replicates,and weighing 200 to 500 gram. Seven trace elements (Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg,K) were analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrophometric method. Crude protein was determined following Macro-Kjelhahl procudure,and crude fat was measured with Soxhlet procedure. The results indicated that contents of Mn,Ca,Mg in the leaves and Cu,Zn,Fe in the branches were respectively higher than those in the other parts on bamboo. Compared with those in the branches and stems,contents of crude protein and crude fat in the leaves were significantly higher. In addition,contents of trace elements and nutrients in the bamboos varied across seasons and ages. Leaves are the most nutritious among different parts of bamboo. Food habits exhibited by giant pandas were closely related to nutrition quality of leaves in the bamboo.

摘要: Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease characterized by the fibrosisization of skin and internal organs.In this study,the genomic sequence and cDNA of Sjogren's syndrome/scleroderma autoantigen 1(SSSCA1)gene of the giant panda was cloned successfully using RT-PCR.The cDNA fragment cloned was 642 bp in length,and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 600 bp encoding 199 amino acids.The genomic sequence was 1 262 bp,containing four exons and three introns. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that this protein was composed of 199 amino acids and its estimated molecular weight was 21.53841 kDa with a pI of 5.14. Three different patterns of functional sites were found:one protein kinase C phosphorylation site,five casein kinase Ⅱ phosphorylation sites,and three N-myristoylation sites. The SSSCA1 gene of the giant panda were highly homologous to those of some other mammals.

摘要: Based on bitter taste receptor T2R2 gene sequence of domesticated dog(AB249685), one pair of primers were designed and used to amplify an approximately 1.1 kb DNA fragment from genomic DNA sample of giant panda by using PCR. The PCR products were ligated into the pMD-18T vector, and then transformed into competent cells of E.coli DH5α. The identified positive clone was sequenced. The result showed that the T2R2 gene of giant panda was 1 008 bp in length, and contained complete exon, and 915 bp, encoding 304 amino acid residues. The pI of the protein is 9.56 and its molecular weight is 34.90 kDa. The prediction of topological structure for the protein indicated that it contained 11 potential functional sites(three N-glycosylation sites, three potential protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, two N-myristoylation sites, one Casein kinase II phosphorylation site, one cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site and one Nuclear Localization Signal site) with five sites observed only in giant panda, and the protein comprised seven transmembrane helix regions, and four extracellular regions and four intracellular regions. The T2R2 was a hydrophobic protein with less hydrophilic components which mostly were located on the intracellular regions. Alignment analysis revealed that the homology of T2R2 gene nucleotide sequence of giant panda with that of dog, cat, cattle, horse, chimpanzee and mouse is 92.65%, 91.12%, 85.64%, 86.73%, 85.20%, 72.59%, respectively, and the homologies of amino acid sequence is 86.73%, 85.20%, 74.67%, 78.62%, 75.66%, 60.53%, respectively. On the whole, the giant panda T2R2 gene was high evolutionarily conserved, but its protein presented more abundant functional sites than did those of other species. However, the correlation between the characteristics of T2R2 gene and giant panda’s special diet needs to be further studied. The obtained sequences were submitted to GenBank, with accession NO.FJ812726.

摘要: Different dental morphological features,including the occlusal surface,interproximal surface,buccal surface and lingual surface,were described by observing the 155 non-isolated teeth in maxillary specimens from giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) from the Qinling Mountains.The correlation between dental features and diet was discussed based on the measurement of dental crown width,dental crown thickness,dental crown height,dental cervical width,dental cervical thickness,dental root length and dental length,in parallel with a study on the feeding ecology of giant pandas.Dental unity of morphology and function of wild giant pandas was also described.The correlation between dental anatomy and physiology was further analyzed.The results showed that during the evolutionary process,as a special stock of carnivore,the giant panda's food was highly specialized.Its dental morphological features are significantly different from those of other carnivores and have their own peculiarities.The incisor has a trend of degradation and double dentition.It has lost the dental morphological features of other carnivores.The canine is strong and forms a cone.Its crown height is twice the height than the molar's crown.The premolar and the molar have complex dental morphology.Their occlusal surface has many crista.The cingulum is well-developed.The broad and uneven occlusal surfaces are similar to those of omnivorous and herbivorous animals.Changes in the food structure affect the dental masticatory function in different ways,resulting in the adaptive performance in the dental morphology.Morphological characteristics of these teeth meet the needs of masticatory function,which is closely related to its oral physiological functions.The results of this study provide the anatomical basis for the prevention and treatment of dental disease of giant pandas,as well as having very important ecological significance.

摘要: 2005年9月至2006年8月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区选择一群黑叶猴和两群熊猴作为观察对象,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集相关的行为数据。通过比较两种灵长类活动时间分配的数据来探讨食物资源在时间和空间分布上的差异对两种灵长类动物活动时间分配的影响。结果表明:休息在黑叶猴的活动时间分配中所占比例明显高于熊猴;熊猴用于移动的时间比例明显高于黑叶猴。两种灵长类采取不同的策略以应对喜食食物的季节性短缺。当旱季嫩叶和果实的可获得性降低时,黑叶猴明显增加用于移动和觅食的时间比例,相应减少用于休息的时间。与此相反,熊猴明显减少用于移动的时间比例,相应地增加用于社会性理毛的时间比例。分析表明,食物的可获得性以及食物组成的差异可能是影响同域黑叶猴和熊猴活动时间分配差异的重要因素。