摘要: 1992年～1994年在河南灵宝市郊黄土高源农作区春夏秋逐月捕获并解剖棕色田鼠1757只（雌性961只，雄性796只），总性比为1．2073。全年都有繁殖鼠出现，但怀孕率、胎仔数、性比、繁殖指数有明显的季节变化，年间也有一定的差异。不同年龄组的性比、怀孕率、胎仔数、繁殖指数、睾丸下降率不同。种群密度对繁殖特征有明显的调节作用。高密度年份的棕色田鼠的性比、怀孕率和繁殖指数低于低密度年份。高密度区种群的繁殖强度受到抑制，雌鼠怀孕率、睾丸下降率低于低密度种群。

摘要: １９９１年２月至１９９２年４月，在河南省灵宝市、卢氏县捕获棕色田鼠１１１６只（雄５１５．雌６０１），应用洞体重作指标，参考繁殖状况及毛色，将种群划分为５个年龄组：Ⅰ．幼体组，≤１１．５ｇ；Ⅱ．亚成体组，１１．６一２０．５ｇ；Ⅲ；成体Ⅰ组，２０．６一２６．０ｇ；Ⅳ。成体Ⅱ组，２６．１一３０．５ｇ；Ⅴ老体组，＞３０．６ｇ。对比体重、体长及头骨量度，胴体重法较能客观反映年龄状况。随季节变化，春季Ⅰ、Ⅱ组占优势，夏季Ⅱ、Ⅲ组占优势，秋季、冬季Ⅴ组数量增加，而其它各组的数量比较均匀。

摘要: 光照对啮齿动物的行为格局和活动节律有着重要的影响。本研究以比较生物学方法,以光照强度和鼠种两个因素,在实验室内利用动物行为监视系统,以焦点动物取样法(Focus animal sampling),在<20Lux、200Lux、800Lux和1600Lux等4个水平的光照强度下,监测和记录棕色田鼠和昆明小鼠的移动和静止行为,并在实验结束时测定实验动物的体重;在800Lux光照强度下,设置正常(12L∶12D)和全黑(0L∶24D)两种光照时间,连续12h监测并记录实验动物的行为。采用双因素方差分析方法对数据进行统计分析。结果表明:1)光强与鼠种对静止行为存在显著交互作用,棕色田鼠的静止行为与光强间存在显著的负相关关系,而昆明小鼠的静止行为则与光强无显著的相关;2)光强对两种动物移动行为的影响与静止行为表现方式相反;3)在12h的光暴露条件下,棕色田鼠的相对活动显著强于昆明小鼠;4)光强对两种动物体重的影响不同,棕色田鼠体重与光强呈正相关关系,昆明小鼠与光强呈负相关关系,但差异不显著。本研究进一步验证了地面鼠与地下鼠对光强适应的差别。

摘要: In order to investigate the effect of zedoary glucose injection on reproductive behavior in female mandarin voles(Microtus mandarinus),behavior focal sampling and immunohistochemistry methods were used to examine the relationships between behavior changes of female mandarin voles and estrogen receptor α immunoreactive neurons (ERα-IRs) in the ovary and in relevant brain regions after being fed with rabbit chow that was mixed with concentrations of 30 mg/kg zedoary glucose injection. Healthy adult female voles were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was fed with the mixed chow and carrot,and control group was fed with rabbit chow and carrot. Behaviors of the adult female voles were observed after being fed for 30 days. The numbers of litters of these adult female voles after mating with adult male voles was recorded,and meanwhile the number of ERα-IRs in the relevant brain regions was detected. The results showed that:during the period of intraspecies female-male interactions in a cage,the female voles in the experimental group displayed more escape behaviors,defensive behaviors,and hostile attacks than did those in the control group. In addition,the number of litters born to the female voles in the experimental group was significantly less than to the control group,and the incubation period of females in the experimental group was significantly prolonged. However,ERα-IR were not significantly different in the ovaries of the female voles in the experimental and control groups,and the number of ERα-IRs in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST),the medial amygdaloid nucleus (ME),the medial preoptic area (MPO) and the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH),in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group. There was no difference in the arcuate nucleus (ACR). In summary,zedoary glucose injection might affect reproductive behavior of female mandarin voles through changes in the number of the estrogen receptors α (ERα) in relevant brain regions.

摘要: 小型哺乳动物能够通过行为策略的进化适应周围的环境。其中,种内社会组织也可随环境参数的变化而变化。河南灵宝程村气候干燥、海拔高,而新郑则气候湿润、海拔低。来自河南灵宝程村的棕色田鼠种群和来自新郑的种群是否在社会行为、情绪、以及性二型上有所差别,目前还不清楚。本研究中,我们通过旷场实验和熟悉选择试验比较了两个种群的情绪、运动能力以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠的选择。统计结果表明,程村种群的雌性个体比雄性个体重,而新郑种群的雄性体重比程村种群的重。在旷场实验中,程村种群比新郑种群表现出较多的焦虑样行为。配偶选择实验中,新郑种群不论雌雄都表现出了对陌生异性的喜好。程村种群雄性则更愿意选择熟悉的个体。而且,程村的雌性待在陌生箱攻击陌生鼠的时间远大于熟悉鼠。以上结果表明,两个野生种群在体重、情绪以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠选择上都表现出了明显的种群间差异。