摘要: 吉林梅花鹿体尺、体重聚类与主成分分析ＤＬＵＳＴＥＲＡＮＤＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＡＬＣＯＭＰＯＮＥＮＴＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＡＮＤＷＥＩＧＨＴＯＦＪＩＬＩＮＳＩＫＡＤＥＥＲ￥ＬＩＨｅｐｉｐｇ；ＢＩＮＧＧｕｏｌｉａｎｇ；ＰＡＮＧ...

摘要: A new method was found which integrated Motif specific-PCR, SSCP and direct sequencing to identify the exon 2 of alleles of DRB genes in sika deer. Using this method, the detected 15 sequences which included no artificial sequences from mutation or recombination in the process all met the criterion to distinguish a new allele. The criterion is that there have to be identical sequences identified from at least two different individuals by PCR and direct sequencing. Compared with PCR-SSCP-cloning sequencing previously, this method can efficiently remove artificial sequences. Combined with the above criterion, this method provided a new approach for investigating DRB gene polymorphism of sika deer and other deer species.

摘要: An undetermined animal specimen of Cervidae deposited in the Museum of Anhui Normal University has many characteristics similar to male sika deer excect for both buckhorns without any ramus. In the present study,a partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene was cloned and sequenced,then submitted to NCBI for blast. The results showed that the target sequence of the examined animal had great similarity to that of sika deer with the sequence difference between the two animals only 0.9%,which was inside of the range of cytochrome b gene sequence variation within species (0-3%). Similarly,phylogenetic analysis based on the the cytochrome b gene fragment for 11 deer using Neibor-joining method also indicated that the animal was highly related to sika deer. Therefore,the animal was identified as an individual of sika deer with morphological variation in the buckhorn. Because the animal was from Jing county Anhui Province,and given the current distribution of sika deer in China,the specimen was tentatively identified as Cervus nippon pseudaxis.

摘要: 梅花鹿是我国极度濒危的鹿科动物,其野生种群已濒临灭绝。为了探讨我国野生梅花鹿的保护和管理对策,我们选用了16个微卫星位点检测来自东北、四川、江西和浙江种群的122份样品,以此分析我国野生梅花鹿种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构。费希尔确切性检验表明,四个种群中均存在偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡的现象。与其它的濒危动物相比,中国梅花鹿有着相对较高的遗传多样性:每个位点的平均等位基因数为4个,平均期望杂合度为0.559。四个种群中,东北种群拥有最高的平均等位基因数(n=3.688),东北种群、四川种群、江西种群以及浙江种群的平均期望杂合度分别为0.584,0.477,0.585和0.589,它们之间不存在显著的差异。同时,利用逐步突变模型、双相突变模型和无限等位基因突变模型检测了种群的瓶颈效应,结果表明:除四川种群外,其他种群在近期内都经历过遗传瓶颈。费希尔确切性检验及配对样品FST的结果均表明:四个梅花鹿种群间存在显著的遗传分化(P<0.001)。因此,我们建议将我国梅花鹿的野生种群划分为4个管理单元进行保护和管理。

摘要: 2006年9～11月在四川省若尔盖县铁布自然保护区,对四川梅花鹿发情期的声行为进行了初步观测,结果表明:在发情期,四川梅花鹿的发声行为可分为雌、雄鹿的报警叫声,雄鹿的吼叫声和求偶叫声。雌鹿的报警叫声持续时间257～539ms,频率范围1409.5～4474.6Hz,主频率3534.8±89.12Hz;雄鹿的报警叫声持续时间136～187ms,频率范围271.8～3910.5Hz,主频率3244.3±79.32Hz;两者在持续时间、最低频率、最高频率上差异极显著(P<0.01),在间隔时间上差异不显著(P=0.624)。吼叫是雄鹿的主要发情行为之一。雄鹿每次吼叫1声,持续时间1580～4972ms,频率范围234.6～6171.4Hz,主频率2264.6±166.44Hz。雄鹿吼叫声的主频率存在显著的个体差异(P<0.01)。在整个吼叫过程中,一只雄鹿的吼叫常会引起周围其它雄鹿的吼叫反应。雄鹿每日吼叫的次数与其在繁殖群中的等级序列有关,不同序列等级雄鹿的吼叫频次存在显著差异(P<0.01)。雄鹿的吼叫声在白天和夜晚均能听到,但主要发生在06:00～08:00、17:00～19:00和01:00～03:00三个时间段。四川梅花鹿雄鹿的求偶叫声有4种,其生物学意义与发情炫耀、追逐、激惹和爬跨等行为有关。