摘要: 舔食盐分是野生动物的常见习性,但针对具体物种的研究较少。我们于2013年秋季(910月份)利用4台红外触发相机在唐家河国家级自然保护区对小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)利用人工盐场的时间格局进行了初步研究。共收集照片记录398条,其中可鉴别性别的记录288条。结果显示,小麂日均访问盐场(12.97±2.14)次,舔盐高峰出现在8:009:00时以及14:0016:00时,低谷分别出现在2:00时、6:00时以及21:0023:00时。独立样本t检验显示,小麂对距离公路较远的盐场访问次数显著高于近公路盐场[远离公路盐场(10.86±2.25)次,近公路盐场(2.10±0.58)次,t=3.77,P=0.001]。不论以全天统计抑或按照不同时间段(上午、下午和夜间)分别统计,雌雄两性对盐场的利用强度均无显著差异。我们仅发现在13:0017:00时,雄性访问盐场的强度显著高于雌性(t=﹣2.47,P=0.048),且在13:0014:00时和15:0016:00时出现两次访问高峰。我们推测性别间的活动节律差异、体型差异以及雄性的干扰,均可能是雌性在下午时段降低盐场利用的原因。人为活动对离公路近的栖息地干扰较强,因而影响了小麂对栖息地的利用,使小麂回避靠近公路的盐场。因此,我们建议自然保护区在选择盐场位置时应考虑人为干扰因素。

摘要: 采自贵州梵净山地区（东经１０７°４３′～１０９°２３′；北纬２７°２０′～２８°３５′）的一种小麂，因其外形、量度、毛色及头骨等形态有一些特异之处，尤其在耳长、后足长、鼻骨长的量度与指名亚种（Ｍｕｎｔｉａｃｕｓｒｅｅｖｅｓｉｒｅｖｅｓｉ）存在明显差异。据此认为梵净山地区所产的小麂为一新亚种，定名为江口亚种（Ｍｕｎｔｉａｃｕｓｒｅｖｅｓｉｊｉａｎｇｋｏｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｕｂｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。

摘要: 通过对皖南山区和大别山区的101个小麂的线粒体D-loop区770bp序列的分析,探讨了两个种群的遗传多样性、有效种群大小、历史种群动态和种群间的基因流模式。在101个D-loop区序列中共发现34个单倍型,其中24个分布在皖南种群,10个分布在大别山种群,种群间无共享单倍型。皖南种群线粒体遗传多样性(h=0.952,π=0.0168)明显高于大别山种群(h=0.734,π=0.0077),雌性有效种群(NE=146830)亦大于大别山(NE=19840)。通过歧点分布分析表明在更新世第四间冰期,小麂皖南种群经历过一次大规模的种群扩张事件(在约15.7万年前)。基因流的分析结果显示皖南种群和大别山种群间存在着明显不对等的基因流(MWN→DB=0.36;MDB→WN=75.00)。这种不对称的基因流模式可能反映出在晚更新世冰期循环中,作为天然地理屏障的长江在盛冰期和间冰期对物种扩散的阻隔能力上的差异。

摘要: For a long time, illegal poaching was a big challenge in wildlife conservation. In some cases, in which unambiguous morphological evidence was absent, it was difficult to identify the correct species, so the judicial process was impeded. In the present study, identification of species is possible by DNA sequencing of the material, especially a partial DNA sequence of the cytochrome b gene. Four cooked muscle samples that were suspected as coming from wildlife were collected from four different cities. DNA was extracted from the muscle samples, then a fragment of cytochrome b was amplified with the universal primers L14724 and H15149. PCR products were purified and sequenced, and four sequences of 393 to 405 bp were determined. They shared the same haplotype. After blasting, sequences were compared with the sequences of eight related species registered in GenBank, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. The results of genetic distance (K2P) analysis showed that the genetic distance between the unknown species and different species ranged from 0.00 (unknown samples vs Muntiacus reesesi) to 0.106 ( vs Cervus nippon). At the same time, these unknown samples of animal remains were identified by phylogenetic analysis with neighbor-joining tree, which shows that the samples and Muntiacus reeversi were clustered together in the system. On the basis of the case, some discussion was carried out on the key steps in the molecular genetic approach such as the choice of molecular markers and operational technique for molecular genetic diagnostic approach, and additionally, some conservation suggestions are put forward.

摘要: 从2005年11月5日至2006年1月21日,为了评估小麂和野猪的生境选择及其差异,我们在浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区核心区共设置了248个样方群。研究发现,两者都选择平缓坡的灌丛植被、草本密度小、离住宅较近和离隐蔽物距离适中的生境,表现了它们的生境选择有一定的重叠性。但是它们也表现出生境选择的一些差异,小麂选择乔木密度适中、灌丛密度大和郁闭度适中的生境,而野猪选择乔木密度小的生境,随机地使用各类灌丛密度和郁闭度的生境。小麂还选择北坡、离水源距离较远的生境,野猪只是随机地使用不同的坡向和离水源距离的生境。分析两者共存的机制,我们发现小麂采取隐藏策略而野猪采取逃跑策略来避敌和利用资源,即它们之间存在与反捕食策略相关的生境选择差异。