摘要: 测定了采自上海海域的一头死亡须鲸骨骼样本的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)序列330 bp(登录号MK295815)、细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)序列206 bp(登录号MK317953)和控制区(control region)序列231 bp(登录号MK317954)。通过GenBank中的BLAST分析,结果表明,样本的上述三部分序列与大村鲸(Balaenopteraomurai)对应序列的相似性均达到100%,基于最大似然法(ML)法构建的系统发育树与BLAST结果一致,故将标本鉴定为大村鲸,为上海海域首次记录。

摘要: In order to identify an unknown whale vertebra's species,genomic DNA is extracted from the bone powder by proteinase K and phenol/chloroform,and a partial Cyt b gene sequence as long as 565 bp is amplified by PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction).The blasting result in GenBank shows that the vertebra sample has maximal similarity with Balaenoptera omurai,it is 99%.It indicates that the vertebra is Balaenoptera omurai.The phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA is consistent with the blasting result.Analysis of software MEGA shows that the Cyt b gene sequence of the vertebra sample has 1-2 nucleotides which are different from the homologous sequence of B.omurai(accession AB201257,AB201256),thus,the sequence is a new haplotype.This is the first record of B.omurai which distributes in the South China Sea.

摘要: 大型鲸类死亡个体,往往因腐烂程度较高或外部形态损坏,很难鉴定物种。2018年11月和2019年1月在江苏南通和浙江宁波各发现一头死亡须鲸。本文仔细辨别了两头须鲸的形态学特征,又应用分子生物学技术,分别得到903 bp和972 bp mtDNA控制区序列,以及467 bp和438 bp Cyt b序列。经GenBank序列比对,南通样本与长须鲸相似度最高,达99%～100%,宁波样本与大村鲸相似度最高,达97%～99%。通过MEGA 7.0软件最大似然法(ML)构建的系统发育树与GenBank比对结果一致。综上,南通死亡须鲸鉴定为长须鲸,宁波死亡须鲸鉴定为大村鲸。本研究证实了长须鲸在江苏省南通市及大村鲸在浙江省宁波市象山县的新分布。