摘要: 饥饿胁迫对水生生物是一个十分普遍的现象,无论是环境变化或者是生殖洄游,诸多因素都会造成饥饿胁迫。为了探究饥饿胁迫对水生动物肝脏的影响,运用LC-MS代谢组学研究经过14 d饥饿胁迫后剑尾鱼Xiphophorus helleri肝脏内源性代谢物的变化,寻找差异代谢物以及相关的代谢通路。实验分为2组(对照组和饥饿组),每组24尾,对照组每日正常喂食,饥饿组禁食,共14 d。与对照组相比,饥饿组共筛选出8种具有显著性差异的代谢物:D-甘露糖、α-D-半乳糖、蔗糖、亚油酸、L-精氨酸、D-葡萄糖、牛磺酸和脱氧肌苷,共涉及8条代谢通路,即ABC转运蛋白、半乳糖代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢、氨基酸的生物合成、牛磺酸和牛磺酸代谢、嘌呤代谢。根据差异代谢物的生理功能和其涉及的代谢通路,推测饥饿胁迫主要通过影响剑尾鱼肝脏中的糖代谢、脂代谢和氨基酸代谢影响其免疫、抗炎症以及抗氧化能力。

摘要: 目的研究汞(Hg)对剑尾鱼(Xiphophours helleri Heckel)鳃和肝组织总抗氧化能力(T- AOC)的影响以及硒(Se)对Hg致机体损伤的拮抗作用,探讨剑尾鱼器官组织内T-AOC变化作为环境风险评价(ERA)的有效生物学标记的可行性。方法使用浸浴法以0、0．21、0．412 mg／L三个Hg浓度,(0．21+0．0664)和(0．42+0．0664)mg／L二个Hg加Se浓度,以及0．0664 mg／L一个 Se浓度为剑尾鱼染毒,定量测定了染毒5 d内鳃和肝组织中总抗氧化能力的变化。结果在整个实验期间Hg暴露组剑尾鱼组织的T-AOC值都有不同程度的下降,与对照组相比高Hg组在染毒第5天时鳃和肝脏组织总抗氧化能力分别降低了39％和30％(P<0．01),相反,单独硒处理不论鳃和肝脏组的T-AOC则自第1天起持续显著升高(P<0．05)。低Hg加Se组鳃组织T-AOC在实验期间基本上维持在接近对照组的水平,但肝组至第5天时,T-AOC下降明显(P<0．05)。而高Hg加Se组无论鳃或肝组虽然在第1天时T-AOC仍保持一定的活力,但随染毒时间的延长,T- AOC有显著降低(P<0．05或P<0．01)。结论硒在一定程度上拮抗汞对机体T-AOC的降低。剑尾鱼鳃和肝组织的总抗氧化能力可作为环境风险评价(ERA)的有效生物学标记。

摘要: 以剑尾鱼Xiphophorus helleri为试验对象,初步研究了不同浓度的红蚁净(pyragne)对剑尾鱼的急性毒性。结果显示:LC50,24 h=974.99 mg/L,LC50,48 h=606.74 mg/L,LC50,72 h=542.00 mg/L。按《化学农药安全评价试验准则》评价:红蚁净为低毒药剂。预测其安全浓度为70.50 mg/L。在实际应用中,进入水体中的药剂浓度远远低于安全浓度,所以在池塘或其他养殖等非饮用水体边缘使用红蚁净,只要按药剂使用浓度和方法进行,对鱼类是安全的。

摘要: 本文探讨了用人工配合饵料代替天然后饵饲养剑尾鱼的可行性。试验表明：人工配合饵料组仅在生长速度上稍差于天然活饵组，在成活率、性腺发育及鱼体生化组成等方面两组间无多大差异。这为今后制订剑尾鱼的营养标准打下了基础。

摘要: Fishes play important roles in many research fields, such as pollution detection of water, biological accumulation of chemicals in the water and biomedicine. Fishes as laboratory animals have been given close attention by numerous researchers. But the research level is less developed and the standardized fishes strains are scarce. Our country have paid more attention to the research and application of fishes as laboratory animals, and made more efforts on the strains selection and culture. In 1987 the agriculture ministry of China started a program of researching on aquaculture experimental animal. At the beginning of 1990s Institute of hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Science researched on Gobiocypris rarus for being developed as a laboratory animal, which next study is focus on gynogenesis, strains select, biological and genetics background. Also Carassius auratus red Vaiety is possibly developed as a laboratory animal. Swordtail ( xiphophorus helleri ) is a kind of small tropical freshwater belonging to the Poeciliidae Family. With the characteristics of small body, omnivorousness, easy breeding, short propagation period, and strong productive capacity, large quantity of individuals can be obtained in a short period, so swordtail is suitable to be use as aquatic laboratory animals. After over decade's research on swordtail, we have achieved the following progress: (1) Breeding of pure strain:5 strains with different body characteristics have been established, among them RR B strain reaches to 22st generation after the problem of “degeneration of close cross" has been overcome. (2) Biological characters:Some of swordtail's characters, such as its outer form, main anatomical structure, habit, growth, propagation, sex reversion, have been comprehended. Histological pictures of its some organs have also been acquired. (3) Nutrition and diet:Artificial formula feed has been used to raise swordtail instead of fishworm, which setting the foundation for setup of nutritional standard and SPF laboratory fish. (4) Water quality:Water self circulate device for swordtail's culture has been installed. (5) Genetics and its detection:The whole sequence of mitochondria cyt b gene, altogether 1140bp, was analysed. Compared with those of other mitochondria DNA in BLAST and GenBank, the results showed there were high homogeneity between swordtail and other fish. Evolved tree established according to the sequences of cyt b gene form swordtail and other 13 kinds of fish, was consistent with traditional classification position. (6) Diseases and their control:Swordtail suffered from more than 10 kinds of diseases. Some diseases are concerned with pathogenies carried by living baits, imbalance of nutrition, worse of water quality, and degeneration of close cross. Routine treatments for disease of fish cultured in ponds had the same effects on swordtail's diseases. Infectious diseases have been controlled in the artificial culture system of swordtail since living baits is substituted by artificial formula feed. Serological techniques were applied in early supervision of bacterial diseases. (7) Application research:Results of toxicity test on disinfectants (sodium dichloro isocynurate,trichlonx isocynuric acid, coalesect iodine, calcium oxide, chloride of lime, potassium permanganate),insecticide (formalin, trichlorfon, malathion) and heavy metal chromium (potassium bichromate) illustrated that swordtail is a representative experimental fish for the security evaluation of aquaculture drugs, and that swordtail has a good foreground in inspection of contamination of some pesticides and heavy metals. Swordtail with different body character, size and sex can be directionally applied. For example, white male swordtail is suitable to be used as the recommend experimental material on toxicology of organic phosphor pesticides. Mortality rate had a significantly gradient change when swordtail was infected with high virulence, middle virulence and weak virulence bacterial strains, and their symptoms were similar to thos