摘要: The kinds and activities of proteolytic enzymes in the digestive systems (tongue, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas and large intestine) of two Amur tiger cubs (Panthera tigris altaica) were investigated using protein detection and SDS-G-PAGE. The results showed:1) the digestive system of Amur tiger cubs had 30 different kinds of proteolytic enzymes ; 2) the mostly optimal pH for these enzymes was a neutral environment, and an acid condition highly restrained their activity; 3) the proteolytic enzymes in the tongue and esophagus were fewer than in other digestive organs and their activities were weak as well; 4) the duodenum had the most kinds of proteolytic enzymes with the strongest activities under various pH conditions; 5) the 16 kD enzyme bands always existed under neutral and alkalescence pH conditions in all digestive organs except the tongue.

摘要: Manchurian tigers kept in Hengdaohezi Breeding Center, Heilongjiang province, were fingerprinted using inter simple sequence repeated (ISSR) technique. Seven primers were screened out of 20 primers with 41 sites deprived, The results indicated that 31 bands were polymorphic sites and the frequency was 76%.The maximum genetic similarity coefficients among the 15 tigers were 0.526 3 and 0.090 9,respectively. The average genetic similarity coefficient of the population was 0.327 1.

摘要: 森林放牧是中国东北虎豹国家公园内影响最广泛且强度最大的人类干扰之一。研究放牧对有蹄类动物食物资源的影响,是估算当前状态下东北虎和东北豹主要猎物承载力的关键,可为国家公园的管理提供有效的科学依据。本研究于2016年在中国东北虎豹国家公园东部的牧场和非牧场区域分层抽取50个林下样地设置围栏对照实验,于2017年生长季进行灌草层植被调查(每个样地的围栏与对照各随机调查3个1 m×1 m的样方,共调查300个植物样方),并应用红外相机技术获取对照样地内有蹄类动物丰富度和活动情况,研究放牧对研究区灌草层植物及动物的影响。研究结果显示:在生长季内,森林放牧显著降低林下灌草层植物生物量(减少约24%),牧场样地的嫩枝叶显著降低。除禾草外,牧场样地中其他类别植物的氮含量均显著高于非牧场样地(平均超出非牧场样地25%)。非牧场样地梅花鹿的相对丰富度指数(RAI)显著高于牧场样地,而狍与野猪的相对丰富度指数(RAI)在两类样地间没有显著差别。研究结果表明,东北虎豹国家公园东部森林放牧,减少了有蹄类动物灌草层食物资源,降低了有蹄类动物的多度。建议停止森林放牧,恢复有蹄类动物栖息地。

摘要: 东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)是一种濒临灭绝的食肉动物,现已被列入IUCN濒危物种红色名录(Goodrich et al.,2015)。东北虎主要分布于俄罗斯远东地区、中国东北地区和朝鲜的北部(Kitchener et al.,2017)。根据中俄边境地区的野生东北虎数量调查统计,该地区生存着成年老虎

摘要: 东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)是现存5个虎亚种中体型最大者,其作为全球生物多样性保护的旗舰物种,在维持健康生态系统功能中占据不可替代的重要地位。近几十年来,由于东北虎栖息地受到人类活动强烈干扰,致使栖息地破碎化,主要栖息地孤立分布,呈现岛状,天然生态廊道消失殆尽,东北虎的保护面临巨大挑战。因此,确定东北虎关键栖息地,构建与恢复东北虎栖息地之间的生态廊道十分必要。本研究运用专家模型结合东北虎栖息地选择规律和栖息地特征,综合分析植被类型、国家级与省级自然保护区分布、地形因子以及人为干扰因子共7个主要影响因子;通过层次分析法(AHP)获得各影响因子的相对权重值,运用加权线性方程获得东北虎潜在适宜栖息地,并确定了东北虎核心分布区以及分布区间的综合代价值。通过廊道设计模型(Linkage Mapper)得到东北虎核心栖息地间的潜在生态廊道。结果得到21条东北虎潜在生态廊道,对打通国内零星分布区,特别是张广才岭—完达山—老爷岭之间的迁移通道,扩大东北虎生存空间具有现实指导意义。