摘要: Climate change is shifting the ranges of many species, such as northern (Glaucomys sabrinus) and southern (Glaucomys volans) flying squirrels, and changing survival rates at range limits. Gaps in knowledge about vital rates exist for both species however, with no studies assessing sympatric populations. We undertook a study to address this gap, expecting higher survival for northern flying squirrels due to a slower life history. Using mark-recapture data from a long-term study of sympatric populations, we investigated survival rates and the effects of winter temperatures and mast seed abundance on these rates. Apparent annual survival was nearly equivalent during 2019–2023 (0.20 and 0.19 for northern and southern flying squirrels, respectively). We did not observe strong effects of acorn abundance or winter temperature on survival of either species. Our information will help with modeling to assess anticipated changes in the future as a result of ongoing climate warming.

摘要: The Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans) is a colonial waterbird found across South and Southeast Asia. Despite its overall stable population status globally, it faces vulnerability in Nepal, mainly due to unplanned urbanization across farmlands, agrochemicals, and wetland encroachment. We assessed the population status through direct counts and analyzed habitat use using generalized linear mixed modeling across five districts of eastern Nepal (2020–2022). We found that the Asian Openbill predominantly roosted near waterbodies and frequently utilized farmland habitats. The population count of the species was significantly higher during the breeding season compared to nonbreeding season. Farmland and wetland areas had positive influence on the species' habitat use. Our findings suggest that the Asian Openbill migrates seasonally, likely from northern India, with large numbers arriving in eastern Nepal to breed, while a few remain resident year-round. These findings underscore the need for effective management of farmland and wetland landscapes for their conservation.

摘要: The COVID-19 pandemic altered human behavior, resulting in opportunities for natural experiments to examine how changes in human activity impacted the diel activity of wildlife—including wild canids. We used data from standardized surveys (Snapshot USA) in the autumns of 2019–2021 across the contiguous United States to assess the diel activity of three species of canids in urban and rural areas before, during, and immediately following the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) exhibited over twice as large a shift in diel activity during the pandemic (22%) than red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (Canis latrans; 8%–9%), while coyotes showed greater shifts and variability in diel activity in urban than rural areas. While we found evidence that all three canids changed their diel patterns to some degree, the degree of change varied across these species—suggesting that this might be mediated by inherent differences in their sensitivity to humans.

摘要: Sex identification, reproductive management, and the diagnosis and treatment of disease are the foci of wildlife conservation. The application of scientifically sound techniques is an important means to protect both wildlife and the natural environment. With the rapid development of minimally invasive surgery, the application of laparoscopic techniques in wildlife has gradually become more widespread. In this study, the keywords “laparoscopy, endoscopy, coelioscopy, wildlife, wild, and animal” were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The content includes species, types of surgery, advantages, and limitations. Based on the articles related to laparoscopic applications in wildlife, this paper has divided them into four parts and selectively cited them. (i) Laparoscopic techniques can be used for sex identification in fish, reptiles, and birds; (ii) neutering and artificially assisted reproduction can be performed in wildlife; (iii) the abdominal cavity can be visually probed for disease diagnosis; and (iv) compared to traditional approaches, the treatment of wildlife abdominal diseases is less harmful. This paper provides a reference for the application of laparoscopic techniques in wildlife.